c5: chemical changes Flashcards
(29 cards)
what does reactivity mean
how vigorously a substance chemically reacts
how can metals be ordered by reactivity
by comparing their reactions with water, acid or oxygen
what name is given to a list of metals ordered by reactivity
reactivity series
in terms of electrons what makes some metals more reactive than others
they lose their outer shell(s) more easily
why are gold and silver found naturally as elements in the earths crust
they are very unreactive
what is an ore
rock containing enough of a metal compound to be economically worth extracting
how are metals less reactive than carbon extracted from their ores
reduction with carbon
in terms of oxygen, what is oxidation
addition of oxygen
in terms of oxygen, what is reduction
removal of oxygen
why can metals like potassium and aluminum not be extracted by reduction with carbon
they are more reactive than carbon
how are metals more reactive than carbon extracted from their ores
electrolysis
what is a displacement reaction
a more reactive substance takes the place of a less reactive substance in a compound
what is an ionic equation
equation which gives some substances as ions and has spectator ions removed
what type of substance is given as ions in and ionic equation
ionic compound in solution (or liquid)
what is a spectator ion
ion that is unchanged in a reaction
what is a half equation
equation that shows whether a substance is losing or gaining electrons
in terms of electrons, what is oxidation
loss of electrons
in terms of electrons, what is reduction
gain electrons
how do you measure the pH of a substance
universal indicator or pH probe
what is a strong acid
an acid where the molecules or ions completely ionize in water
what is a weak acid
an acid where the molecules or ions partially ionize in water
what is a salt
compound formed when a metal ion takes the place of a hydrogen ion in an acid
what type of salts does sulfuric acid form
sulfates
what type of salts does hydrochloric acid form
chlorides
