c6-8

Question 1

what are the age group classification

Answer 1

<1 = infants
>1-3= toddlers
3-5 = pre-schooler
>5 = school going age

Question 2

what is the oob guideline of prescribing rx

Answer 2

we are not to prescribe rx +0.75 to -0.25 for peads below 16 unless clinically indicated.

clinically indication of prescribing plus lenses may include problem in accommodation and oculomotor balance

Question 3

what is the classification of myopia by se

Answer 3

+0.75 to -0.49 is premyopia
-0.50 to -4.99 is myopia
>5 ds is high myopia

Question 4

what are the consequences of uncorrected rx

Answer 4

amblyopia
poor retinal development

Question 5

what are the types of amblyopia

Answer 5

functional; tropia, rx - anisometropic, isometropic,ametropic, meridiona, stimulus deprvation
others
organic
psychogenic

Question 6

what are the treatment for amblyopia

Answer 6

optical correction
occlusion therapy ; patching, pharmacological penalization, ophthalmic lenses
active vision therapy

Question 7

what are the features of premature eyes

Answer 7

decreased cornea diameter
shorter al
steeper cornea
miotic pupil
transient and permanent remnant of tunica vasulosa is common
transient lenticular opacities
incomplete retinal vascularization

Question 8

What is the observation we do in anterior health segment

Answer 8

patent nasolacrimal system
pupillary anomalies
iris colour and appearance
intact anterior segment
leukocoria
ptosis / other lid anomalies

Question 9

What to look out for in handheld / standard slit lamp

Answer 9

appearance of the eye:
- position, colour, shape/size

appearance of the nearby structure;
- lid, blepharitis, dermoid cyst
- facial abnormalities - midline malformation

Question 10

how to choose which test to use for external examination

Answer 10

standard sle is only for cooperative kids (infant - school)
portable is an alternative for all ages (but should be able to perform on children as young as 3 yo)

gross observation/ burton lamp = usually done for younger children / infants when sle is impossible

Question 11

do we use nafl for childrens?

Answer 11

infant - on indication
young children - on indication
older children. - if wearing cl

Question 12

what are the indication for dfe

Answer 12

esotropia/ strabismus
leukocoria
amblyopia

Question 13

indication of tonometry

Answer 13

steroid, hazy cornea/ large cornea