C6 - Shapes and intermolecular forces

Question 1

Name of shape and angle for 2 areas of electron density

Answer 1

Linear 180

Question 2

Name of shape and angle for 3 areas of electron density

Answer 2

Trigonal Planar 120

Question 3

Name of shape and angle for 4 areas of electron density

Answer 3

Tetrahedral 109.5

Question 4

Name of shape and angle for 5 areas of electron density

Answer 4

Trigonal Bipyramidal 90 and 120

Question 5

Name of shape and angle for 6 areas of electron density

Answer 5

Octahedral 90

Question 6

State and explain 2 anomalous properties of water

Answer 6

ice is less dense than water
-hydrogen bonds hold molecules together in open lattice structure
high melting and boiling points - lots of energy is required to overcome the H bonds (instead of just london forces)

Question 7

Define electronegativity

Answer 7

A measure of the attraction of the bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond

Question 8

Define polar covalent bond

Answer 8

Shared pair of electrons where the electron pair is not shared equally between 2 atoms

Question 9

Define dipole

Answer 9

Charge separation across a bond with one atom having a δ+ charge and the other having a δ- charge

Question 10

What elements must hydrogen be bonded to in order for hydrogen bonding to occur

Answer 10

Nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine

Question 11

Define instantaneous dipole

Answer 11

Partially negative charge (Delta minus) caused by random movement of electrons

Question 12

Define induced dipole

Answer 12

Dipole caused by neighbouring instantaneous dipole