C6.2 - Organic Chemistry Flashcards

Question

Unsaturated compounds

Answer 1

molecules with at least one double covalent bond between carbon atoms

Answer 2

molecules with only single bonds between carbon atoms

Answer 3

lots of unsaturated monomer molecules (alkenes) open up their double bonds and join together to form polymer chains

Answer 4

type of monomer its made from with 'poly' in front of t | propene becomes polypropene

Answer 5

``` put the formula of the monomer in brackets and put a n after it C2H6 becomes (C2H6)n ```

Answer 6

add chemicals called initiator after adding initiator to alkene monomer you may have to hear reaction mixture because addition polymers often involve flammable chemicals - use water baths rather than bunsen burners

Answer 7

usually involves two different types of monomers the monomers react together and bonds form between them - making polymer chains each monomer has to contain at least two functional groups - one on each end of the molecule each functional group can react with the functional group of another monomer - creating long chains of alternating monomers for eat new bond that forms a small molecule (such as water) is lost

Answer 8

Polyesters | Polyamides

Answer 9

carboxylic acid monomers and alcohol monomers react together

Answer 10

carboxylic acid and amine monomers react together

Answer 11

condensation polymer

Answer 12

mix 1,6-dianohexane in water in one beaker mix 1,6-hexanedioyl in an organic solvent in another beaker pour one solution on top of the other if solution is not mixed two distinct layers form nylon is formed where these two layers meet can extract this layer by slowly lifting it out the beaker with tweezers

Answer 13

DNA Carbohydrates Starch Proteins

Answer 14

complex molecule than contains genetic information | contains two strands of nucleotide monomers that bond together in polymerisation reaction

Answer 15

molecules containing carbon, oxygen and hydrogen | used by living things to produce energy

Answer 16

large complex carbohydrates made up of smaller units of carbohydrates known as glucose joined together in a long chain

Answer 17

amino acids form polymers called protein s via condensation polymerisation they are polyamides

Answer 18

mixture of lots of different hydrocarbons | mainly made up fractions of alkenes

Answer 19

raw materials to create petrochemicals such as petrol or natural gas provides energy - generating electricity, heating homes used in plastics

Answer 20

Fractional distillation

Answer 21

oil is heated until most of it is gas gas enters a fractionating column liquid part (bitumen) is drained off at the bottom in the column there is a temperature gradient - hot at the bottom and gradually gets colder as you go up longer hydrocarbons have higher boiling points - condense and drain out near the bottom shorter hydrocarbons have lower boiling points - condense and drain out near the top where its cooler so crude oil mixture is separated out into different fractions

Answer 22

contains a mixture of hydrocarbons mostly alkanes with similar boiling points

Answer 23

gets shorter as you go up the column

Answer 24

``` LPG Petrol Naphtha Kerosene (Paraffin) Disel Oil Bitumen ```

Answer 25

relies on the fact that the different hydrocarbons have different boiling points

Answer 26

Strong covalent bond between atoms within each hydrocarbon molecule Intermolecular forces of attraction between different hydrocarbon molecules

Answer 27

non-renewable

Answer 28

wind power | nuclear power

Answer 29

it turns long alkane molecules into smaller alkane and alkene molecules (which are more useful)

Answer 30

form of thermal decomposition vaporised hydrocarbons are passed over powdered catalyst at abut 400°C - 700°C and at 70atm aluminium oxide is a catalyst used long-chain molecules split apart on the surfaces of the catalyst

Answer 31

theres more demand for products for products like petrol and diesel than bitumen and lubricating oil cracking also produces many alkene molecules - can be used to make polymers (plastics)

Answer 32

exothermic - releases energy

Answer 33

electrical cell thats supplied with a fuel and oxygen | uses energy from the reaction between them to produce electrical energy efficiently

Answer 34

produce a potential difference arose the cell until all the reactants have been used up

Answer 35

Combine hydrogen and oxygen to release heat energy and water means no pollutants are made

Answer 36

electrolyte is solution of potassium hydroxide electrodes are porous carbon with catalyst hydrogen goes into anode compartment oxygen goes into cathode compartment (in fuel cells - anode is negative electrode, cathode is positive electrode) at negative electrode hydrogen loses electrons to produce H+ions - this is oxidation the H+ ions in the electrolyte move to the positive electrode at positive electrode oxygen gains electrons from the electrode and reacts with H+ions to make water - this is reduction electrons flow through an external circuit from the anode to the cathode - this is the electrical current overall reaction is hydrogen + plus oxygen which gives water

Answer 37

reduction at the cathode oxidation at the anode so the whole thing is a redox reaction

Answer 38

H2 -> 2H+ + 2e-

Answer 39

O2 + 4e- + 2H2O -> 4H2O

Answer 40

expensive to adapt current technology to run off fuel cells | hydrogen as fuel is difficult and expensive to extract and store

C6.2 - Organic Chemistry Flashcards

(64 cards)