C7

Question 1

Alkanes are useful for what

Answer 1

Fuels

Question 2

General formula of an alkane

Answer 2

Cn H 2n+2

Question 3

First 4 alkanes

Answer 3

Methane(ch4)
Ethane(c2h6)
Propane(c3h8)
Butane(c4h10

Question 4

Alkanes-volatile(reactive) trend

Answer 4

SMALLER molecules are MORE volatile as they have WEAK INTERMOLECULAR FORCES -less energy to overcome+low boiling point

Question 5

Why are long chain alkanes broken down (cracked)

Answer 5

HIGHER DEMAND for SMALL ALKANES like petrol

And ALKENES which make polymer

Question 6

What is the functional group of alkanes

Answer 6

Carbon to carbon DOUBLE covalent bond

C=C

Question 7

First 4 alkenes

Answer 7

Ethene(c2h4)
Propene(c3h6)
Butene(c5h10)
Pentene(c5h10)

Question 8

General formula of alkene

Answer 8

Cn H 2n

Question 9

First 4 alcohols

Answer 9

Methanol(CH3OH)
Ethanol(c2h5OH)
Propanol(c3h7OH)
Butanol(c4h9OH)

Question 10

Different amino acids combine in the same chain to form…….

Answer 10

Proteins

Question 11

A homologous series is

Answer 11

Group of carbon compounds with same functional group

Question 12

Alkane flammability trend

Answer 12

as molecules get larger they get less flammable

Question 13

Alkane viscosity trend(thickness)

Answer 13

SMALLER molecules are LESS VISCOUS(thick) as they have WEAKER INTERMOLECULAR forces

Question 14

Testing for alkenes (are they more reactive than alkanes)

Answer 14

Alkenes are MORE REACTIVE than alkanes
We can test for alkenes using bromine water (Br2)
Bromine water is orange
AlkANE-stays orange 
AlkENE-become colourless

Question 15

Addition polymerisation is …..

Answer 15

MONOMERS (alkenes) with the SAME functional group join together forming ONE large molecule

(Double bond opens up)

Question 16

Monomer is…..

Answer 16

Small molecule with c=c double bond

Question 17

Alcohol functional group
+
Dissolved in water solution

Answer 17

-OH

(Dissolve in water=solutions with ph7

Question 18

What are alcohols useful for

Answer 18

• solvents

- FUEL-react with oxygen in combustion reactions

Question 19

Fermentation and temperature needed

Answer 19

Yeast + glucose—>ethanol + carbon dioxide

25• (no oxygen)

Question 20

Hydration of Ethene happens at?

No specific numbers

Answer 20

• high temp
• high pressure
• catalyst

Question 21

First 4 carboxylic acids (noic)

Answer 21

Methanoic acid
Ethanoic acid
Propanoic acid
Butanoic acid

Question 22

When are carboxylic acids formed

Answer 22

When alcohols are oxidised (c=o)

Eg ethanol + oxygen—>ethanoic acid+ water

Question 23

Carboxylic acids functional group

Answer 23

-COOH

Weak acids in water

Question 24

DNA is

Answer 24

Deoxyribonucleic acid is a LARGE MOLECULES that encodes genetic instructions
Most dna molecule are 2 POLYMER CHAINS made from 4 DIFFERENT MONOMERS called NUCLEOTIDES
Form a DOUBLE HELIX

Question 25

Functional groups of amino acid in 1 molecule

Answer 25

Amine + carboxylic acid

Question 26

Fractional distillation for crude oil

Answer 26

Crude oil is HEATED in a FURNACE + PUMPED into FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION COLLUM FRACTIONS EVAPORATE and RISE When they reach their boiling point they CONDENSE and are collected separately

Question 27

Reactions of carboxylic acids

Answer 27

React with BASES-NEUTRALISATION Salts end in anoate React with ALCOHOLS in presence of catalyst to form ESTERS

Question 28

What are fractions made from

Answer 28

Hydrocarbons-Alkanes

Question 29

What is crude oil

Answer 29

A MIXTURE which must be separated into fractions | Finite resource-remains of biomass

Question 30

Polymer?

Answer 30

``` Long molecule (lots of monomers bonded) Strong covalent bonds ```

Question 31

Unsaturated?

Answer 31

Hydrocarbons(monomers) with c=c double bond (alkenes)

Question 32

What type of reaction is cracking

Answer 32

Thermal decomposition

Question 33

Condensation polymerisation is

Answer 33

MONOMERS with DIFFERENT FUNCTIONAL GROUPS. | USUALLY LOSE WATER

Question 34

How are long chain alkanes broken down

Answer 34

Catalytic cracking Steam cracking

Question 35

Why are alkenes not good fuels

Answer 35

Burn with a Smokey flame

Question 36

How do amino acids react and what do they produce

Answer 36

React by condensation polymerisation to produce polypeptides (proteins)