C7 Hydrocarbons, Alcohols & Carboxylic Acids Flashcards
Know their properties etc. (21 cards)
Alkanes general formula
Cn H2n+2
Alkenes general formula
Cn H2n
Test for Alkenes/Alkanes
Add bromine water (which is orange)
If added to an alkane, stays Orange
If added to an Alkene, goes colourless
Why does the alkene solution go colourless when added to bromine water?
Double bond in alkene can break
Hexene + bromine water ——> ?
Dibromohexane
Hydrocarbon + oxygen ——> ?
Carbon dioxide + water vapour
What does cracking produce?
An alkane AND and alkene
How does crude oil become plastic?
Crude oil
Fractional distillation
Fraction is cracked
Short Alkenes are polymerised
Molecules of plastic are produced
Where are short molecules in a fractioning column and what are the properties
Top of column
Low boiling point
Volatile (evaporate easily)
Low viscosity
Flammable
Where are long molecules in a fractioning column and what are the properties
Bottom of column
High boiling point
Not volatile
Viscous
Flammable
Name the 4 reactions of alkenes
Halogenation (add group 7)
Hydrogenation (add hydrogen)
Hydration (add water)
Polymerisation
Product of halogenation
Di____(eth)ane
Eg. Dibromohexane
Product of hydrogenation
________ane
Product of hydration
__________anol
Eg. Ethanol
Product of polymerisation
Poly(____ene)
Eg. Poly(ethene)
General formula alcohol
Cn H2n+1 OH
What is added to a hydrocarbon to make an alcohol
Hydrocarbon—OH
Properties of alcohols
Soluble
pH of 7
Burn with clean flame
Alcohol + sodium —> hydrogen + sodium ethodixe (fizzing)
How to make alcohols
Hydration of hydrocarbons
OR
anaerobic respiration in plants
Uses of alcohols
Solvents, chemical feedstock, alcoholic drinks and fuels
