c7 - organic chemistry

Question 1

whats crude oil

Answer 1

mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 2

whats a hydrocarbon

Answer 2

compound made of hydrogen & carbon only

Question 3

formula for alkanes

Answer 3

CnH2n+2

Question 4

different alkanes

Answer 4

methane
ethane
propane
butane

Question 5

what is crude oil made from

Answer 5

plankton/ biomass buried under the mud for millions of years

Question 6

how are alkanes bonded

Answer 6

covalent

Question 7

what is fractional distillation

Answer 7

crude oil enters the column at the bottom
it is heated and evaporated
the top of the column is colder than the bottom
when the fractions rise it reaches its boiling point and condenses and is tapped off

Question 8

properties of long hydrocarbons

Answer 8

long chain
high boiling point
high viscosity/thick
hard to ignite

Question 9

properties of short hydrocarbons

Answer 9

short chain
low boing point
low viscosity
easy to ignite

Question 10

equ for complete combustion

Answer 10

hydrocarbon + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
BALANCE OXYGEN LAST

Question 11

equ for incomplete combustion

Answer 11

hydrocarbon + oxygen = carbon monoxide + water

Question 12

when is combustion imcomplete

Answer 12

when there’s not enough oxygen

Question 13

what is the test for alkene

Answer 13

add bromine water
orange to colourless

Question 14

what is the test for alkAne

Answer 14

add bromine water
ORANGE TO ORANGE

Question 15

what is cracking

Answer 15

where a long chain is broken into a shorter alkane and alkene

Question 16

what does cracking need

Answer 16

catalysts
steam

Question 17

what happens in a polymerisation reaction

Answer 17

many monomers
join together
to form polymers

Question 18

what is the advantage of cracking hydrocarbons

Answer 18

break large molecules into smaller ones
to satisfy demand
example

Question 19

what does unsaturated mean

Answer 19

contains a double bond

Question 20

what burns with a smokey flame

Answer 20

incomplete combustion

Question 21

what happens in the addition of alkenes br2 i2 cl2

Answer 21

the double bond is broken
add two of the element

Question 22

what happens in the addition of alkenes with hydrogen

Answer 22

double bond is broken
add a hydroenation catalyst
add two elements of hydrogen
becomes an ALKANE

Question 23

what happens in the addition of alkenes H20

Answer 23

double bond is broken
hydration catalysist and high temp
add a h and OH
BECOMES AN ALCOHOL

Question 24

state symbol for alcohol

Answer 24

-OH

Question 25

what is the equ for fermentation

Answer 25

Glucose 🡪 ethanol + carbon dioxide Warm temperatures

Question 26

what are the uses of alcohol

Answer 26

Chemical feed stocks Alcoholic drinks Solvents fuels

Question 27

ethanol + ocygen

Answer 27

Ethanol + oxygen 🡪 carbon dioxide + water C2H5OH + 3O2 🡪 2CO2 + 3H2O incomplete combustion could also occur

Question 28

ethanol + sodium

Answer 28

Ethanol + sodium 🡪 sodium ethoxide + hydrogen see h2 bubbles

Question 29

ethanol and water

Answer 29

short chains = more soluable long chains = less soluable

Question 30

ethanol + oxidisng agent

Answer 30

Ethanol + oxidising agent --- carboylic acid + water 2x oxygen provided be the agent

Question 31

what is the formula for a carboxylic acid

Answer 31

-COOH

Question 32

what are carboxylic acids

Answer 32

weak acids

Question 33

carboxylic acid + carbonates

Answer 33

neutralisation reaction Ethanoic acid + carbonate 🡪 sodium ethanoate +co2 + water

Question 34

carboxylic acid + water

Answer 34

dissolve to form acidic solutions

Question 35

carboxcylic acid + alcohol

Answer 35

making esters Ethanoic acid 🡪 ethyl ethanoate + ethanol + water

Question 36

what is the c=c

Answer 36

additional polymerisation

Question 37

what is condensation polymerisaton

Answer 37

making polyesters

Question 38

what is condensation polymerisaton pt2

Answer 38

-OH & -COOH

Question 39

difference between polymerisation and condesation poly

Answer 39

p is produced by an alkene cp is produced by a carboxylic acid and a alcohol cp water is also made

Question 40

properties of alcohol

Answer 40

flamable soluable oxidise to create a carboxcylic acid