C7 - Organics

Question 1

How is crude oil made?

Answer 1

Dead organisms and plankton are squashed under high pressure and temperature over millions of years

Question 2

Crude oil consists of of… (HC)

Answer 2

Hydrocarbons- molecules made of only CARBON AND HYDROGEN

Question 3

Two types of hydrocarbon

Answer 3

Alkene and alkane

Question 4

Alkanes are made of ______-covalently bonded CARBON atoms surrounded by ______ atoms

Answer 4

Single-covalently. Hydrogen

Question 5

First four hydrocarbons (Monkeys eat peanut butter)

Answer 5

Methane/ene. 1 carbon
Ethane/ene. 2 carbons
Propane/ene. 3 carbons
Butane/ene. 4 carbons

Question 6

General formula for alkanes

Answer 6

Can +H2n+2

Question 7

Methane chemical formula

Answer 7

CH4

Question 8

Ethane chemical formula

Answer 8

C2H6

Question 9

Propane chemical formula

Answer 9

C3H8

Question 10

Butane chemical formula

Answer 10

C4H10

Question 11

How do we separate the hydrocarbons in crude oil?

Answer 11

Fractional distillation

Question 12

Hydrocarbons in crude oil are separated into 6 different FRACTIONS, what are they? In order of boiling point (highest to lowest)

Answer 12

LPG
PETROL
KEROSENE
DIESEL OIL
HEAVY FUEL OIL
BITUMEN

Question 13

Petrol is used in

Answer 13

Cars

Question 14

Kerosene is used to fuels

Answer 14

Planes

Question 15

Diesel oil is used to fuel

Answer 15

Trucks

Question 16

Heavy fuel oil is used to fuel

Answer 16

Ships

Question 17

Bitumen is used in

Answer 17

Roads (concrete)

Question 18

Fractional distillation explained

Answer 18

-Crude oil is evaporated
-Rises up fractionating column(higher the colder)
-Fractions condense at different points due to different boiling points
-Collected as separate fractions

Question 19

Longer or shorter alkanes have higher boiling points?

Answer 19

Longer

Question 20

Why do longer alkanes have higher boiling points?

Answer 20

More energy is needed to overcome the stronger intermolecular forces and there are more intermolecular forces because it is longer

Question 21

Longer or shorter alkanes have a higher viscosity

Answer 21

Longer

Question 22

Shorter or longer alkanes are more flammable

Answer 22

Shorter

Question 23

Polymers are made from

Answer 23

ALKENES not alkanes

Question 24

An ALKENE is a hydrocarbon with at least one _______ covalent bond (on one of the carbons)

Answer 24

Double

Question 25

Equation for complete combustion

Answer 25

Fuel + Oxygen —> Carbon dioxide + water

Question 26

Incomplete combustion equation

Answer 26

Fuel + oxygen —>Carbon monoxide+ Water

Question 27

Alkenes general formula

Answer 27

CnH2n

Question 28

How to test for alkenes

Answer 28

Bromine

Question 29

What happens to bromine water mixed with an Alkene

Answer 29

Goes Colourless

Question 31

Why does bromine water turn colourless in the present of an Alkene

Answer 31

Bromine atoms bond to the Alkene by breaking the double bond

Question 32

Water reacts with an Alkene to produce an

Answer 32

Alcohol

Question 33

What is cracking?

Answer 33

The process of breaking down longer chain hydrocarbons into shorter, more useful ones to meet demands

Question 34

What are the conditions of steam cracking

Answer 34

Steam >800 degrees Celsius

Question 35

Cracking splits an Alkane into an ____and an_____

Answer 35

Alkene and Alkane

Question 36

Alcohol functional group

Answer 36

-OH

Question 37

Ethanol + Sodium ——->

Answer 37

Sodium ethoxide + Hydrogen

Question 38

An alcohol can be oxidised to produce a

Answer 38

Carboxylic acid

Question 39

Polymers are long chained organic molecules of repeating sections made from

Answer 39

Monomers

Question 40

Catalytic cracking conditions

Answer 40

Zeolite catalyst 550 degrees Celsius

Question 41

Monomers joined together by ADDITION POLYMERISATION must contain a

Answer 41

DOUBLE BOND, which breaks in order to produce a single bond

Question 42

Carboxylic acid + alcohol —>

Answer 42

Ester + Water