C8 1-11

Question 1

Explain the inverse relationship between mobility and stability within a joint.

Answer 1

When mobility increases, stability decreases and vice versa.

Question 2

Joint/articulation

Answer 2

The junction of two or more bones

Question 3

Structural classification of joints

Answer 3

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Question 4

Fibrous joints characteristics

Answer 4

Bones are joined together by fibrous tissue (dense/reg ct) and lack a joint cavity

Question 5

Cartilaginous joints characteristics

Answer 5

Bones are joined together by cartilage and lack a joint cavity

Question 6

Synovial joints (basic) characteristics

Answer 6

Articulating bones separated by a fluid containing joint cavity

Question 7

Functional classification of joints

Answer 7

Synarthroses, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

Question 8

Synarthroses characteristic

Answer 8

Immovable joint

Question 9

Amphiarthosis characteristic

Answer 9

Slightly moveable joint

Question 10

Diarthrosis characteristic

Answer 10

Freely moveable joint

Question 11

Fibrous joint types

Answer 11

Sutures (skull, dr/ct holds together), syndesmoses (fibula/tibia, dr/ct/ligament, slight movement), gomphoses (pegs in sockets, teeth held by ligament)

Question 12

Cartilagenous joint types

Answer 12

Synchondrosis, Symphysis

Question 13

Synovial joint characteristics 6

Answer 13

1. articular (hyaline) cartilage on bone ends
2. joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.
3. joint capsule encloses the joint cavity (two-layered fibrous dr/ct and synovial membrane areolar)
4. synovial fluid fills free space within the joint cavity
5. reinforcing ligaments dr/ct cross the synovial joints to strengthen the joint
6. sensory nerves, blood vessels and tendons (in dr/ct but not part of joint)

Question 14

Bursae

Answer 14

Flattened, fibrous sac lined with synovial membrane and containing a thin film of synovial fluid. Occur where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons or bones rub together. Reduce friction

Question 15

Tendon sheath

Answer 15

Essentially an elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon that is subject to friction. Reduce friction.

Question 16

What are three factors that stabilize synovial joints?

Answer 16

1.  Shape of articular surfaces (plays more of a role in determining movement type, but does some stabilizing)  2. Ligaments - prevent excessive or unwanted movements (the more ligaments, greater the stability)  3.  Muscle tone - keeps tendons crossing
 joints taut (most important factor!)

Question 17

Flexion

Answer 17

Decreases the angle of the joint between two bones

Question 18

Extension

Answer 18

Increases the angle of the joint between two bones

Question 19

Abduction

Answer 19

Movement of a limb away from the midline

Question 20

Adduction

Answer 20

Movement of a limb toward the midline

Question 21

Circumduction

Answer 21

Moving a limb so that it describes a cone

Question 22

Supination

Answer 22

rotating the forearm laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly or superiorly

Question 23

Pronation

Answer 23

Rotating the arm medially so that the palm faces posteriorly or inferiorly

Question 24

Inversion

Answer 24

Turns sole of foot so that it faces medially

Question 25

Eversion

Answer 25

Turns sole of foot so that it faces laterally

Question 26

Opposition

Answer 26

Touching thumb to fingers on the same hand

Question 27

Knee joint - tibiofemoral

Answer 27

Articulating bones: Tibia/femur Joint type: Synovial hinge w/ articular discs Functional type: Diarthrotic with flexion/extension movement Joint stability: shape of condyles and menisci, ligaments ACL PCL MCL LCL

Question 28

Knee joint - femoropatellar

Answer 28

Articulating bones: Femur/patella Structure type: Synovial-plane Functional/movement type: Diarthrotic-gliding of patella Joint stability: patellar ligament, bursa anterior and posterior

Question 29

Osteoarthritis

Answer 29

Wear/tear, articular cartilage, bigger joints, unilateral

Question 30

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 30

Autoimmune response, synovial membrane + articular cartilage, smaller joints, bilateral

Question 31

Gouty arthritis

Answer 31

Uric acid deposited in soft tissues of the joints

Question 32

Synchondrosis

Answer 32

have a bar or plate of hyaline cartilage uniting bone - epiphyseal plate. (Sternum/first rib)

Question 33

Symphysis

Answer 33

articular surfaces are covered with articular cartilage that is fused to an intervening pad or plate of fibrocartilage (pubic symphysis, between vertebra)

Question 34

Which stuctural types of joints are synarthosis?

Answer 34

Suture, gomphosis, synchondrosis

Question 35

Which stuctural types of joints are amphiarthrosis?

Answer 35

symphysis

Question 36

Which structural type of joint is both amphiarthrosis and synarthrosis?

Answer 36

Syndesmosis