C8: Organic chemistry Flashcards
(11 cards)
1
Q
How is crude oil formed?
A
Formed over millions of years from the remains of plankton buried in mud.
2
Q
What is a hydrocarbon?
A
Molecules made up of only hydrogen and carbon only
3
Q
What is the structural formula for alkanes?
A
C (n) H (2n+2)
4
Q
Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?
A
Saturated
5
Q
What are the properties of hydrocarbons? (3)
A
- As they get bigger, the molecules get more viscous
- As they get bigger, they become less volatile (so less flammable)
- As they get bigger, their boiling point increases.
6
Q
How can hydrocarbons be used as fuels?
A
When they are burned they release energy
7
Q
State the functions of the important fractions (2)
A
- Petrol and diesel: cars
- Kerosene: plane fuel
8
Q
What is cracking?
A
Separating long chain hydrocarbons into a smaller alkane and alkene
9
Q
What are the conditions needed for cracking?
A
High temperatures + steam or catalyst
10
Q
What is an alkene?
A
A hydrocarbon with a double carbon bond.
11
Q
What is the test for alkenes?
A
Will turn orange bromine water colourless
