C9 Crude Oil

Question 1

Crude oil

Answer 1

A mixture of comparatively volatile liquid hydrocarbons

Question 2

Why fractional distillation is used to separate crude oil into fractions

Answer 2

Each fraction has different properties due to the length of the carbon

We can use each fraction for different purposes

Question 3

How to classify a hydrocarbon as an alkane

Answer 3

A hydrocarbon that contains no double bonds is called an alkane

Question 4

How to apply a general formula to generate a molecular formula and a displayed formula for a straight-chain alkane

Answer 4

C n H2n+2

Question 5

Alkane

Answer 5

Any of the series of saturated hydrocarbons

Methane, ethane, propane…

Question 6

Alkali

Answer 6

Any base substance that dissolves in water to produce OH (hydroxide) ions and neutralise acids

Question 7

First 10 alkanes

Answer 7

Methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane

Question 8

Formula for first 4 alkanes

Answer 8

Methane CH4

Ethane C2H6

Propane C3H8

Butane C4H10

Question 9

How to classify an alkane

Answer 9

Organic compounds that consist entirely of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 10

Name the different fractions of crude oil

Answer 10

Refinary gases

Gasoline

Kerosene

Diesel

Fuel oil

Bitumen

Question 11

How the trend in colour, viscosity, flammability, and boiling point changes as the length of the hydrocarbon chain changes

Answer 11

As hydrocarbon length increases

boiling point increases

Viscosity increases

Flammability decreases

Colour becomes darker

Question 12

Process of fractional distallation

Answer 12

Crude oil is heated

Vapour enters fractionating column

The fractions have different boiling points so the vapour will condense at different levels

Question 13

Use of kerosene

Answer 13

Cooking, lighting, heating

Question 14

Use of refinary gases

Answer 14

Fuel gas in furnaces or for power generation

Question 15

Use of gasoline

Answer 15

Mainly used in vehicle engines

Question 16

Use of diesel

Answer 16

Trains, buses, boats

Question 17

Use of fuel oil

Answer 17

Heating homes and buildings

Question 18

Use of bitumen

Answer 18

Primarily used for industrial purposes

Question 19

How the properties of a fraction of crude oil make it appropriate for its use

Answer 19

Each fraction has different properties due to the length of the carbon chain

Question 20

How chain length affects the properties of crude oil fractions

Answer 20

As chain length increases viscosity increases

Question 21

Complete combustion

Answer 21

Complete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces water vapour and carbon dioxide

Question 22

Incomplete combustion

Answer 22

Happens when supply of air or oxygen is poor

Question 23

Differences between complete and incomplete combustion

Answer 23

Complete combustion happens when there is a sufficient amount of oxygen supply

Incomplete combustion happens when there is an insufficient amount of oxygen supply

Question 24

Word equation to describe the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon

Answer 24

Ethane + oxygen ———> carbon dioxide + carbon + water

Question 25

Word equation to describe the incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon

Answer 25

ethane + oxygen → carbon monoxide + carbon + water

Question 26

Why is complete reaction better than incomplete reaction

Answer 26

Less soot produced More heat produced Carbon monoxide not produced

Question 27

Symbol equation for incomplete combustion

Answer 27

CH4 + O2 ⟶ C + 2H2O

Question 28

Symbol equation for complete combustion

Answer 28

Fuel + O2 → CO2 + H2O

Question 29

How the production of carbon monoxide in incomplete combustion can be lethal

Answer 29

The CO gas can poison people when exposes to carbon monoxide

Question 30

How to test for the products of complete combustion

Answer 30

Can test carbon dioxide by passing it through limewater as it turns milky when carbon dioxide is passed through it If supply of air is limited carbon monoxide is formed

Question 31

Cracking

Answer 31

The process of breaking down larger heavy hydrocarbon molecules into smaller lighter ones by heating them in the presence of a catalyst

Question 32

Examples to explain process of cracking and why it's important to the petrochemical industry

Answer 32

Cracking is the most important process for the commercial production of gasoline and diesel fuel

Question 33

A word equation to describe cracking

Answer 33

C16H34 → C10H22 + C6H12

Question 34

Alkene

Answer 34

A type of organic molecule that contain a carbon-carbon (C=C) double bond

Question 35

Similarities between alkane and alkene

Answer 35

Both are hydrocarbons Both only made up of hydrogen and carbon only

Question 36

Differences between alkane and alkene

Answer 36

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons consisting of single bonds Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons which include a carbon-carbon double bond

Question 37

Examples of alkene

Answer 37

Ethene Propene Hexene Cyclobutene

Question 38

Chemical test to show alkene is present

Answer 38

A simple test with bromine water An alkene turns brown bromine water to colourless

Question 39

Equation for reaction of alkene and bromine water

Answer 39

R - CH2=CH2 - R + Br2 -------> R - CH2 r - CH2Br - R

Question 40

Why is CH3COOC3H7 not an alkane

Answer 40

Contains oxygen

Question 41

Homologuous series

Answer 41

Group of organic compounds that react in a similar way

Question 42

Saturated compound

Answer 42

Chemical compound that resists addition reactions

Question 43

Waste products in complete combustion

Answer 43

Carbon dioxide and water vapour

Question 44

What is oxidised in complete combustion

Answer 44

Carbon and hydrogen

Question 45

Where does crude oil come from

Answer 45

Formed from remains of plants and animals mainly plankton that died millions of years ago and buried in mud

Question 46

Organic compound

Answer 46

Anything containing carbon

Question 47

Why are short-chain hydrocarbons make good fuels

Answer 47

They're flammable

Question 48

What type of reaction is cracking

Answer 48

Thermal decomposition reaction

Question 49

Catalytic cracking

Answer 49

Long chain molecules split apart on surface of specks of catalyst

Question 50

Steam cracking

Answer 50

Cracking hydrocarbons by vapourising them Mix with steam Heat with high temperature

Question 51

Why do alkenes have double carbon bond

Answer 51

They have double bond between two of the carbon atoms in their chain

Question 52

Functional group

Answer 52

Group of atoms in a molecule that determine how that molecule typically reacts