C9 Crude oil and Fuels Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is crude oil?
A finite resource found in rocks. It is a mixture of a large number of compounds which are mostly hydrocarbons
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound containing hydrogen and carbon atoms only.
What is the general formula for an alkane?
CnH2n+2
What is the name of an alkane containing 1 carbon atom?
Methane
What is the name of an alkane containing 2 carbon atoms?
Ethane
What is the name of an alkane containing 3 carbon atoms?
Propane
What is the name of an alkane containing 4 carbon atoms?
Butane
How can the hydrocarbons in crude oil be seperated?
Fractional Distillation
What uses do we have for the fractions of crude oil?
Fuels and the petrochemical industry
What fuels are produced from crude oil?
Petrol, diesel, kerosene, heavy fuel oil, liquified petroleum gases.
What materials are produced by the petrochemical industry?
Solvents, lubricants, polymers, detergents.
Why are there a lot of natural and synthetic carbon compounds?
The ability of carbon atoms to form families of similar compounds.
What happens during fractional distillation?
The crude oil is heated and evaporates. As the gas rises it cools and condenses at its boiling point where it can be collected.
What properties of a hydrocarbon depend on its size?
Flammability, viscosity nd boiling points.
What happens to the flammability of a hydrocarbon as it becomes larger?
Decreases
What happens to the viscosity of a hydrocarbon as it becomes larger?
Increases
What happens to the melting and boiling point of a hydrocarbon as it becomes larger?
Increases
What happens during combustion of hydrocarbon fuels?
Carbon and hydrogen in the fuel are oxidised to make carbon dioxide and water releasing energy.
What is the word equation for combustion of a fuel from crude oil?
Hydrocarbon + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
How can hydrocarbons be broken down into smaller molecules?
Cracking
What happens during catalytic cracking?
The crude oil is vaporised and passed over a hot catalyst
What happens during steam cracking?
The crude oil is vaporised and mixed with steam and heated to high temperature.
What are the products of cracking?
Smaller useful alkanes and alkenes
How can we test for alkenes?
Add bromine water and if the colour changes to a clear then an alkene is present.
