Ca Lungs Flashcards
(18 cards)
What are the two main types of lung cancer?
• Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): ~85%
• Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC): ~15%
What are the subtypes of NSCLC?
• Adenocarcinoma
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Large Cell Carcinoma
What is the strongest risk factor for lung cancer?
Cigarette smoking
Which lung cancer is associated with SIADH and what are its consequences?
• Small cell lung cancer
• Causes hyponatremia, confusion, seizures
What endocrine syndrome is caused by ectopic ACTH production and which lung cancer is responsible?
• Cushing’s syndrome
• Caused by small cell lung cancer
What electrolyte abnormality is common in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung?
• Hypercalcemia due to PTHrP secretion
What neuromuscular syndrome is associated with SCLC?
• Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS)
What are features of Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome?
• Proximal muscle weakness
• Improves with repeated use
• Reduced reflexes
What is a Pancoast tumor?
• Apical lung tumor (often NSCLC)
• Involves brachial plexus and sympathetic chain
What are the features of Horner’s syndrome?
• Ptosis
• Miosis
• Anhidrosis
(Usually ipsilateral)
What causes voice hoarseness in lung cancer?
• Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy from mediastinal invasion
Which gene mutations are associated with adenocarcinoma of the lung?
• EGFR
• ALK
• KRAS
What tumor markers may be elevated in small cell lung cancer?
• Neuron-specific enolase (NSE)
• Chromogranin A
What are the common metastatic sites of lung cancer?
• Brain
• Bone
• Liver
• Adrenal glands
• Contralateral lung
What symptoms suggest bone metastasis?
• Bone pain
• Hypercalcemia
• Pathological fractures
What is hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPOA)?
• Digital clubbing + periostitis of long bones
• Associated with adenocarcinoma of lung
Which type of lung cancer is most likely in a non-smoker?
• Adenocarcinoma
Which type of lung cancer shows the fastest growth and early metastasis?
• Small cell lung cancer
