CA - Sexually transmitted infections (TTY) Wk 2

Question 1

What are the types of genital chlamydia and its symptoms?

Answer 1

Urethritis
- urethral discharge, dysuria, pyuria in females
- symptoms mimicking UTI

Cervicitis
- vaginal discharge
- intermenstrual bleeding

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- abdominal or pelvic pain

Question 2

What is the impact of PID during pregnancy?

Answer 2

Pregnant women:
Risk of premature rupture of membranes,
preterm delivery, low birth weight infants

Newborns:
C. trachomatis acquired through an infected
birth canal ⇒ neonatal conjunctivitis and
pneumonia

Question 3

What specimen & test type is used to diagnose chlamydia?

Answer 3

Specimen types
- women: vaginal or endocervical swab
(specimen of choice) or first catch urine

• men: first catch urine (specimen of choice),
  urethral swab

Test type
Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT, or, PCR)
* test of choice
* detects chlamydia DNA or RNA
- Routine culture not available

Question 4

What is the difference in symptoms between genital gonorrhoea in men & women?

Answer 4

Men:
- early, symptomatic

Women:
- asymptomatic/atypical

Question 5

What specimen & test type is used to diagnose gonorrhoea?

Answer 5

swab or pus
specimen transport is important - (organism dies easily)

Test type
culture - grow organism on culture plates
PCR/NAAT

Question 6

What are the conditions & the symptoms caused by extra-genital gonorrhoea?

Answer 6

For both males & females:

1. Pharyngitis
   - sore throat
   - inflamed conjunctiva
2. Conjunctivitis
   - mother -> newborn profuse exudate & swelling of the eyelids
   - adult infection maybe

Question 7

What test type is used to diagnose extra-genital gonorrhoea?

Answer 7

Test type:
1. NAAT nucleic acid amplification test
2. PCR - detects DNA but cnt test what abx to use
- cnt do susceptibility testing

Question 8

What are the 3 stages of syphilis?

Answer 8

Stage 1: Local infection
- painless sore at inoculation site, which may ulcerate

Stage 2: Systemic infection
- multiplies & spreads through body: rash, pustular lesions, fever, lymphadenopathy, malaise
- Almost any organ can be affected

Stage 3:
(CNS invasion) ⇒ neurosyphilis: infection of brain
(cardiovascular syphilis) ⇒ aneurysm
formation, aortitis
- Bacteria persist in the body (asymptomatic)
- Sometimes no prior symptoms of primary or
secondary syphilis

Question 9

Can Human Papillomavirus HPV cause cancer? Is there a vaccine for it?

Answer 9

Yes. Yes.

Question 10

What are the 3 stages of Herpes Simplex Virus?
What infections can HSV cause?
Once infected, how long does it stay?

Answer 10

1. Primary infection
   - usually asymptomatic/mild infection
2. Latency
   - present in body for life
   - virus might be reactivated
3. Reactivation
   - same spectrum of infections as primary infection
   - accounts for greater proportion if encephalitis infections

• can cause STDs & CNS infections

Question 11

What test type is used to diagnose HSV?

Answer 11

PCR/NAAT
- most common way to diagnose HSV

Question 12

What are the 2 types of HSV?

Answer 12

HSV 1
- oral herpes via oral-oral contact
- can cause genital herpes via oral-genital contact

HSV 2
- main cause of genital herpes

Question 13

What are the types and symptoms of genital gonorrhoeae in women?

Answer 13

1. Cervicitis
   - vaginal discharge, pruritis, intermenstrual bleeding
2. Urethritis
   - purulent urethral discharge, dysuria, pyuria
3. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
   - abdominal/pelvic pain

Question 14

What can PID lead to?

Answer 14

infertility, tubo-ovarian abscess , ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain