CA1

Question 1

It is derived from the word “pen” which refers to penitentiary and ultimately comes from the latin words “poena” or “poenilis” that maintain or suffering.

Answer 1

Penology

Question 2

Field of study within criminology that focuses on the scientific examination of the punishment and rehabilitation of criminals. This involves an analysis of the impact that punishment has on both the individual offender and society as a whole.

Answer 2

Penology

Question 3

Also known as penal signs is a branch of criminology that focuses in the study of the punishment of criminal offenders study encompasses the examination of methods used to manage persons treat offenders and prevent criminal activities.

Answer 3

Penology

Question 4

Is concerned with the philosophy and practice of society and its effort to repress criminal activities

Answer 4

Penology

Question 5

Refers to the study of the punishment of crime and prison management and in the sense it is equivalent with corrections

Answer 5

Penology

Question 6

Is a component of the criminal justice system that deals with the custody, supervision, and rehabilitation of convicted offenders.

Answer 6

Correction

Question 7

In the philippines, it is considered as the weakest pillar of the criminal justice system due to its failure to data individuals from committing crimes and to reform criminal offenders effectively.

Answer 7

Correction

Question 8

Also refers to the process of reorienting a criminal offender to prevent them from repeating their deviant or criminal actions without necessarily relying on punitive measures. Instead individualized measures of preformation are introduced.

Answer 8

Correction

Question 9

Is the oldest theory of crime. disco advocate believes that crime is the devil’s work as event evident from its name they perceive godly and satanic forces in the world with godly forces aiding individuals and staying away from crime and doing good was satanic forces led them astray and prompt them to commit crime.

Answer 9

Demology school/ pre-scientific school

Question 10

Criticisms of demological school:

Demological theory is damn to be a logical and unscientific sense there is no scientific evidence to poor support it it is impossible to provide such evidence making this theory highly doubtful.

Answer 10

Unscientific theory

Question 11

Criticism of demological school:

This theory lock scientific basis and is mostly a product of inner fierce insecurity and superstition.

Answer 11

Irrational

Question 12

Criticism of demological school:

this school’s theory of punishment is founded on a false belief that inflicting physical harm such as burns, cuts, or acid on the body of a person will force the demon possessing them to leave the body.

Answer 12

Cruel and barbaric

Question 13

Focus was not on studying criminals themselves but rather on law making and legal processes which later became associated with criminology. This school assumes that criminals makes a conscious choice to commit crime after considering the potential consequences.

Answer 13

Classical school

Question 14

According to the school people have free will to choose between legal and illegal actions fear of punishment can prevent criminal behavior and society can regulate behavior by making punishment more severe than any gains.

Answer 14

Classicals school

Question 15

Argues that criminals, like other people weigh cost/risk and benefits when deciding with their or not to commit crime and think in economic terms.

Answer 15

Rational choice theory

Question 16

One objective of punishment is to send a message addresses to the public at large to prevent them from committing crime

Answer 16

Deterrence theory

Question 17

This concept of terrence holds that punishing criminals will discourage others from committing crimes with the focus of preventing potential offenders. This strategy aims to deter low breakers by making them believe that the punishment they will face is more significant than the benefit of committing the crime

Answer 17

General deterrence

Question 18

The concept is that experiencing punishment should discourage offenders from committing crimes again with the focus on those who have already been found guilty. The severity of the punishment must be sufficient to deter repeat criminal behavior.

Answer 18

Specific deterrence

Question 19

This italian legal expert authored an influential book called essay on crimes and punishment he expressed opposition to the use of torture and covert legal proceedings and called for the abolition of capital punishment.

Answer 19

Cesari Bonesana Marchese di Beccaria

Question 20

A british philosopher advocated for the systematic organization of criminal law. He suggested that lawmakers should base crimes and punishment on the principle of utility which promotes the greatest good for the greatest number of people. He criticized the excessively harsh punishment outlined in criminal law.

Answer 20

Jeremy Bentham

Question 21

Jeremy bentham proposed this concept which states that individuals value behavior based on the amount of pleasure and pain it is expected to produce.

Answer 21

Hedonistic calculus or utilitarianism

Question 22

It was designed by bentham as a circular building with visible cells from a central location staffed by guards

Answer 22

Panopticon prison

Question 23

He stated that the classical school of criminology and criminal law are based on hedonistic psychology, which suggest that individuals govern their behavior by considering pleasure.

Answer 23

Edwin H. Sutherland

Question 24

Human beings have free will, and actions they undertake are the result of choice.

Answer 24

Rationality

Question 25

Pleasures and pain, or reward and punishment are the major determinants of choice.

Answer 25

Hedonism

Question 26

Is a deterrent to unlawful behavior deterrence is the best justification of punishment.

Answer 26

Punishment

Question 27

Society is made possible for individuals cooperating together. Hence, society owes to its citizens respect for the rights in the face of government action for their autonomy and so far as such autonomy can be secured without endangering others or managing the greater good

Answer 27

Human rights

Question 28

An accused should be presumed innocent until proved otherwise and an accused should not be subject to punishment before guilt is lawfully established.

Answer 28

Due process

Question 29

As part of contract people relinquish some of their natural liberties in exchange for protection from the government lost were then created to prevent individuals from infringing on the rights of others.

Answer 29

Social contract theory beccaria advocating by Cesare

Question 30

Principle proposed by Beccaria stated that laws should be utilized to maintain the social contract which is a means by which individuals who are naturally independent come together in society for the sake of peace and security

Answer 30

Laws should be used to maintain the social contract

Question 31

Only legislator should be authorized to create loss that carry penalties within because they represent the entire society bound by the social contract

Answer 31

Only legislators should create laws