CA5

Question 1

stock market

Answer 1

mercat de valors

Question 2

to feature

Answer 2

(verb) have as a prominent attribute or aspect.
the hotel features a large lounge, a sauna, and a coin-operated solarium
sinònims: present, promote, make a feature of, give prominence to, focus attention on, spotlight,

Question 3

some tips on how to hedge when you do not want to fully commit to something

Answer 3

alguns consells sobre com protegir-se quan no vol comprometre plenament a alguna cosa

Question 4

White collar crime

Answer 4

delinqüència de guà blanc

Question 5

Hedging: typical language in

news reports

Answer 5

Cobertura: el llenguatge típic de

notícies

Question 6

taking bribes and kickbacks

Answer 6

acceptar suborns i comissions il·legals

Question 7

On the rise

Answer 7

Fig. increasing in frequency or intensity. The number of auto thefts in Cook County is on the rise again.

Question 8

the news warns us

Answer 8

les noticies ens adverteixen

Question 9

to catch your eye

Answer 9

cridar l’atenció

Question 10

headline

Answer 10

titular

Question 11

to make front page news

Answer 11

omplir primeres pàgines

Question 12

shrubbery

Answer 12

arbustos

Question 13

Hedging

The literal meaning of hedging is a protective boundary made by thick shrubbery.

The other meaning is when sometimes you don’t want to state a fact categorically as you are not 100% certain that it is true or you don’t think that you can prove it is true and so you use certain words/expressions to distance or ‘protect’ yourself from the statement.

This type of hedging and is very common in news reports and it is also used in academic writing when the author wants to make a claim or assertion that is proportional to the evidence available, or to protect themselves from the risk of error or sometimes to simply convey modesty.

The fire was caused by an electrical fault.
(This sentence indicates certainty and is presented as a fact)
vs.

The fire seems to have been caused by an electrical fault.
(This sentence suggests possibility but not certainty)

Answer 13

Exemples:

t seems that he was fired because of his incompetence.
It appears that the rumours are true.
The election result seems to be inevitable.
The world’s climate appears to be undergoing a complete change.

It would seem that he was fired because of his incompetence.
It would appear that the rumours are true.
The election result would seem to be inevitable.
The world’s climate would appear to be undergoing a complete change.

It is understood that he was fired because of his incompetence.
It is believed that the rumours are true.
The election result is thought to be inevitable.
The world’s climate is supposed to be undergoing a complete change.

It is quite feasible that he was fired because of his incompetence.
It is probable that the rumours are true.
It is unlikely that the election result will be inevitable.
It is highly likely that the world’s climate is undergoing a complete change.

Apparently he was fired because of his incompetence.
Perhaps the rumours are true.
Supposedly the election result will be inevitable.
Presumably the world’s climate is undergoing a complete change.

There is little doubt that he was fired because of his incompetence.
There is some doubt that the rumours are true.
There is little doubt that the world’s climate is undergoing a complete change.
There is little evidence of the election result being inevitable.

Question 14

Allegedly

Answer 14

suposadament, pretesament

Question 15

Reportedly

Reportedly low energy costs are responsible for the drop in living costs.

Answer 15

segons s’informa

Question 16

stunt

Answer 16

truc

Question 17

unsaleable

Answer 17

invendible

Question 18

The haunting depiction

Answer 18

La representació obsessiva

Question 19

widespread speculation

Answer 19

especulació generalitzada

Question 20

snach

Answer 20

arrabassar

Question 21

arsonist

Answer 21

incendiari

Question 22

attorney

Answer 22

advocat

Question 23

balaclavas

Answer 23

passamuntanyes

Question 24

I dunno

Answer 24

jo no sé

Question 25

hedging:not stating a fact categorically

Answer 25

apparently, I guess

Question 26

Showing surprise:

Answer 26

No way!

Question 27

Checking for common ground:

Answer 27

Don't you thing?

Question 28

Changing the direction of the conversation:

Answer 28

Anyway

Question 29

Gaining time for order your thoughts:

Answer 29

I dunno; Well

Question 30

unreliable

Answer 30

poc fiable

Question 31

clumsy

Answer 31

maldestre

Question 32

witty

Answer 32

enginyós

Question 33

the minder

Answer 33

el cuidador

Question 34

ridden by angst

Answer 34

afflicted by anxiety

Question 35

I came up with

Answer 35

I created

Question 36

Slightly dodgy

Answer 36

a little unreliable

Question 37

On tenterhooks

Answer 37

anxious

Question 38

exhilarating

Answer 38

exciting

Question 39

pier

Answer 39

moll

Question 40

understatement

Answer 40

the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.

Question 41

wax

Answer 41

cera

Question 42

basement

Answer 42

soterrani

Question 43

financial trader

Answer 43

operador financer

Question 44

spoofing

Answer 44

imitate (something) while exaggerating its characteristic features for comic effect.

Question 45

created havoc on

Answer 45

va causar estralls a

Question 46

duping the market

Answer 46

falsejar el mercat

Question 47

backdrop

Answer 47

nom a painted cloth hung at the back of a theater stage as part of the scenery. Alex is happy with the Art Alliance and has volunteered to paint some scenery backdrops for them. verb provide a background or setting for. an ornate fountain, and at its center, backdropped with golden spray, a statue of a young girl

Question 48

mayhem

Answer 48

violent or damaging disorder; chaos.

Question 49

duping

Answer 49

deceive; trick. the newspaper was duped into publishing an untrue story sinònims: deceive, trick, hoodwink, hoax, swindle, defraud, cheat, double-cross, gull, mislead,

Question 50

keep themselves to themselves.

Answer 50

són reservats

Question 51

glitch

Answer 51

malfunction

Question 52

eager to

Answer 52

desitjosos de

Question 53

Some are obviously myths, others are fictional stories while others purport to be true.

Answer 53

purport=pretenen

Question 54

she-wolf

Answer 54

lloba

Question 55

quarrel

Answer 55

have an angry argument or disagreement. | stop quarreling with your sister

Question 56

goatherder

Answer 56

pastor de cabres

Question 57

abound

Answer 57

to be plentiful (abunden)

Question 58

cogently

Answer 58

coherentment

Question 59

partridge

Answer 59

any of a variety of game birds

Question 60

wild boars

Answer 60

senglars

Question 61

he established a special bond with

Answer 61

establir un vincle especial amb

Question 62

bears few grudges

Answer 62

portar rencors

Question 63

deserve

Answer 63

adjectiu worthy of being treated in a particular way, typically of being given assistance. the deserving poor sinònims: worthy, meritorious, commendable, praiseworthy, admirable, estimable, creditable, respectable, decent, honorable, righteous; meriting, warranting, justifying, suitable for, worthy of verb do something or have or show qualities worthy of (reward or punishment). the referee deserves a pat on the back for his bravery sinònims: merit, earn, warrant, rate, justify, be worthy of, be entitled to, have a right to, be qualified for

Question 64

milestone

Answer 64

an action or event marking a significant change or stage in development. (fita) the speech is being hailed as a milestone in race relations sinònims: landmark, significant event, achievement, highlight, watershed, benchmark, touchstone

Question 65

brief stint

Answer 65

short time

Question 66

Bears few grudges

Answer 66

is rarely resentful

Question 67

a den

Answer 67

un cau

Question 68

indebted

Answer 68

endeutat

Question 69

resentful

Answer 69

resentit

Question 70

let down

Answer 70

a disappointment or a feeling of disappointment. the election was a bit of a letdown sinònims: disappointment, anticlimax, comedown, nonevent, fiasco, setback, blow,

Question 71

Negative Expressions Inverted word order: auxiliary/modal verb + subject + main verb I have never seen such incompetence. Never have I seen such incompetence

Answer 71

If a sentence doesn’t have an auxiliary verb or modal verb, then do, does or did is inserted The HR manager hardly ever replies to my emails. Hardly ever does the HR manager reply to my emails.

Question 72

``` Never (before) Hardly ever Scarcely Seldom Rarely No sooner…than Not only…but also Under no circumstances In no way ```

Answer 72

I had just begun talking when she interrupted me. No sooner had I begun talking than she interrupted me. You cannot re-enter the building until the fire drill is over. Under no circumstances can you re-enter the building until the fire drill is over. It won’t go against your application in any way. In no way will it go against your application.

Question 73

When little has a negative meaning we can use inversion. She didn’t know that her colleagues were planning a surprise party for her.

Answer 73

Little did she know that her colleagues were planning a surprise party for her.

Question 74

We use inversion after a clause with the following expressions: Not until + Subject & Verb + Inversion. He didn’t realise it was his neighbours who had won the lottery until he saw their new car.

Answer 74

Not until he saw his neighbours’ new car did he realise they were the ones who had won the lottery.

Question 75

I had just begun talking when she interrupted me. You cannot re-enter the building until the fire drill is over. It won’t go against your application in any way.

Answer 75

No sooner had I begun talking than she interrupted me. Under no circumstances can you re-enter the building until the fire drill is over. In no way will it go against your application.

Question 76

Not since + Subject & Verb + Inversion He hadn’t had so much fun since he was a child.

Answer 76

Not since he was a child had he had so much fun.

Question 77

Only after + Subject & Verb + Inversion He didn’t realise it was his neighbours who had won the lottery until he saw their new car.

Answer 77

Only after seeing the new car did he realise that it was his neighbours who had won the lottery.

Question 78

Only when + Subject & Verb + Inversion Only if + Subject & Verb + Inversion You may only leave the room once you have finished the exam.

Answer 78

Only if/when you have finished the exam may you leave the room.

Question 79

• Inversions can be used with 3rd conditionals and mixed conditionals with had. If is omitted and the subject and auxiliary verb are inverted. These structures are not necessarily formal or literary. If I had known that she was having problems, I would have helped her.

Answer 79

Had I known that she was having problems, I would have helped her.

Question 80

NB: The negative form is not contracted. If we hadn’t already filled the position, we would certainly consider your application.

Answer 80

Had we not already filled the position, we would certainly consider your application.

Question 81

2nd conditionals can only be inverted when the if-clause contains were. If is omitted and the subject and auxiliary verb are inverted. The style is formal or literary. If the president were to resign, the country would face a constitutional crisis.

Answer 81

Were the president to resign, the country would face a constitutional crisis.

Question 82

1st conditionals can only be inverted when the if-clause contains should. If is omitted and the subject and modal verb are inverted. The style is formal or literary

Answer 82

Should you require further assistance, we will provide it at a reasonable cost.

Question 83

bungee jumping

Answer 83

pointing, salt de pont

Question 84

A good deed creates a 'virtuous circle', where one good deed may lead to another. "This means there are knock-on effects for civilisation."

Answer 84

Una bona acció crea un "cercle virtuós", on una bona acció pot donar lloc a un altre. "Això vol dir que hi ha efectes en cadena de la civilització."

Question 85

nothing short of stunning.

Answer 85

poc menys que impressionant

Question 86

byproduct

Answer 86

subproducte