Cables Flashcards
(57 cards)
1
Q
Ethernet
A
- Twisted pairs of copper wire
- Shielded or unshielded
- Each category of cable has specific physical characteristics and a maximum data rate.
- Maximum length of 100 meters.
2
Q
Cat 5
A
Up to 100 Mbps.
3
Q
Cat 5e
A
Up to 1 Gbps.
4
Q
Cat 6
A
- Up to 10 Gbps up to 55 meters
- Up to 1 Gbps up to 100 meters.
5
Q
Plenum
A
- Used in the plenum space of a building
- Any space that handles air circulation in an HVAC system is plenum space, typically above a drop ceiling or below a raised floor
- Uses low-smoke and low-flame materials for fire prevention.
6
Q
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
A
- Uses two or four pairs of copper wire.
- Uses a foil or braided shield to reduce electromagnetic interference
- Depending on the type of cable, each twisted pair may be shielded or a single shield covers all twisted pairs.
7
Q
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
A
- Uses two or four pairs of copper wire
- The twist in the wires reduces electromagnetic interference.
8
Q
568A/B
A
- Ethernet cables are terminated with RJ-45 connectors
- The pin-out (which wire connects to which pin) of those connectors is defined in the EIA/TIA 568A & 568B Standards
- The difference between 568A and 568B is that the transmit and receive pairs are reversed. This allows for two types of cables, straight-through and crossover.
9
Q
Straight-Through
A
- Used to connect a device to the network via a switch or hub
- Uses the same pin-out on both ends, whether 568A or 568B
10
Q
Fiber Optic
A
- Uses light pulses to transmit data through a glass or plastic core
- Consists of four layers. The core is surrounded by a cladding that refracts light back into the core. The other two layers are the outer sheath, the part you see, and a strength member or buffer to protect the fiber.
- Is not subject to electromagnetic interference, since it uses light to transmit data.
- Transmission distances are longer and data rates are higher on fiber than they are on copper cable
- Two basic types of fiber, single-mode and multimode. Single-mode fiber carries only one light path, typically sourced by a laser. Multimode carries multiple light paths and is sourced by an LED. Single-mode has a much longer transmission distance than multimode.
11
Q
Coaxial
A
- Used primarily for cable Internet service and audio/video applications such as cable TV\
- Has a single copper conductor core surrounded by a dielectric insulator and one or more layers of shielding
- Shielding reduces electromagnetic interference
- Two most common types of coaxial cable are RG-6 for data and RG-59 for audio/video.
12
Q
Video Cables
A
- Connect a specific type of video port on a computer to a display
- Each has its own connector type and cable pin-out.
13
Q
VGA
A
- Connect older analog Video Graphics Adapters to a display
- Uses a 15-pin connector arranged in three rows of five pins.
14
Q
HDMI
A
- Connect a High Definition Multimedia Interface to a display
- Uses a 19-pin connector arranged in two rows
- There are different types of HDMI cables
- Most commonly used is type A but is usually just referred to as an HDMI cable with no type designation.
15
Q
HDMI Type C
A
- Usually referred to as mini-HDMI
- Uses a 19-pin connector arranged in two rows, like the HDMI type A cable, but it is smaller and the pin-out is different.
16
Q
DisplayPort
A
- Connect a DisplayPort interface to a display
- Uses a 20-pin connector arranged in two rows of ten pins.
17
Q
Digital Visual Interface (DVI) (DVI-D/DVI-I)
A
- Connect a Digital Visual Interface interface to a display
- DVI-D (-D for digital) supports only digital signals
- DVI-I (-I for integrated) supports digital and analog signals
- There are single-link and dual-link DVI cables
- Single-link DVI supports 3.7 Gbps HDTV at 60 frames per second
- Dual-link DVI supports 7.4 Gbps HDTV at 85 frames per second.
18
Q
Lightning
A
- Proprietary to Apple™
- Used to connect Apple™ devices to USB ports
- Has eight wires and is terminated with a USB connector on one end and a Lightning connector on the other
- Can carry both data and power to charge the device
- Is reversible, so it can be plugged into the device without regard to which side is up.
19
Q
Thunderbolt
A
- Another Apple™-proprietary cable
- Comes as either copper or optical cable
- Maximum length is 3 meters for copper and 60 meters for optical cable
- Based on the Mini DisplayPort standard, except Thunderbolt version 3 uses a USB-C connector on the peripheral end
- Provides both data and power to peripheral devices, most commonly storage and display devices
- Three versions of Thunderbolt.
- Total throughput for Thunderbolt 1 and 2 is 20 Gbps and Thunderbolt 3 is 40 Gbps.
20
Q
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
A
- Connect to a wide variety of peripheral devices
- USB 1.1 was the first version in common use
- Uses a type-A connector on the PC side and a type-B connector on the peripheral side
- There are also mini and micro connectors for smaller devices such as cell phones and cameras
- Supports two speeds
- Low speed supports data transfer rate of 1.5 Mbps at lengths up to 3 meters
- Full speed supports data transfer rates of 12 Mbps at lengths up to 5 meters
- Provides power, as well.
21
Q
USB-C
A
- Connector type that is used on USB 3.0 and newer cables.
22
Q
USB 2.0
A
- Maintains the characteristics of USB 1.1 and adds a high-speed data transfer rate of 480 Mbps at lengths up to 5 meters.
23
Q
USB 3.0
A
- Maintains the characteristics of USB 2.0 and adds SuperSpeed data transfer rate of 5 Gbps at lengths up to 3 meters
- The connectors are a bit different, adding pins to some connectors to support the higher transfer rate, as well as adding the type-C connector.
24
Q
Peripheral Cables
A
- Used to connect a PC to other devices.
25
Serial
- Term “serial cable” usually refers to a specific type of cable that confirms to the RS-232 specification
- Most often used to connect a laptop to the console or management port of a network device, such as a switch, router, or firewall.
26
Hard Drive Cables
- Connect a hard drive to a motherboard or controller card
| - Same cables may also be used to connect optical drives and older floppy drives.
27
Serial Advanced Technology (SATA)
- Most commonly used hard drive cable
- There are different SATA revisions
- They all allow a maximum cable length of one meter
- SATA revisions 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 3.2 support speeds of 1.5 Gbps, 3 Gbps, 6 Gbps, and 16 Gbps, respectively.
28
Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)
- An older interface
- Is a 40-wire (34-wire for floppy drives) ribbon cable that is connected from the motherboard on one end to one or two drives on the other end.
29
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
- Designed to support a wide variety of device types, so there are different types of SCSI cables
- They may be ribbon cables or standard round cables of 50, 68, or 80 wires
- Up to 16 devices, including the motherboard or SCSI controller card, may be connected to one SCSI cable or daisy-chained together.
- There are different types of SCSI connectors
- Most common are rectangular or trapezoidal with 50 or 68 pins arranged in two rows.
30
Adapters
- May be used to connect a device to a port that is different from the connector on the device
- Most often used to connect to a display or a network.
31
DVI to HDMI
- Connects a DVI port to an HDMI display
| - DVI does not carry audio, so a separate connection is needed to carry audio to the display.
32
USB to Ethernet
- Connects a USB port on a computer to an Ethernet port on a network device.
33
DVI to VGA
- Connects a DVI port to a VGA display.
34
RJ-11
- Plain old telephone system connector
| - Is a single-row 6-pin rectangular connector to connect to a phone system or modem.
35
RJ-45
Often referred to as an Ethernet connector, this single-row 8-pin rectangular connector is used for Ethernet connections.
36
RS-232
- A specification for serial communications that uses either a DB-9 or DB-25 connector
- Has a trapezoid shape
- DB-9 is a 9-pin connector arranged in two rows of four and five pins
- DB-25 is a 25-pin connector arranged in two rows of 12 and 13 pins
- RS-232 is most commonly used to connect to network devices’ console or management ports.
37
BNC
- Used to terminate DS3 coaxial cables, used for wide area network connections
- An older type of Ethernet network known as 10Base2 or Thinnet also used coaxial cable terminated with BNC connectors
- Is a cylindrical connector with a twist-lock end to make a secure connection.
38
RG-59
Cable TV coaxial cables are terminated with RG-59 connectors, cylindrical connectors with a threaded end to make a secure connection.
39
RG-6
Cable Internet coaxial cables are terminated with RG-6 connectors, cylindrical connectors with a threaded end to make a secure connection.
40
Type-A & -B USB
- Type-A USB connector is a rectangular 4-pin connector that connects to a computer
- Type-B USB connector is a 4-pin connector that connects to a peripheral device
- Is basically square, but two corners are cut at an angle.
41
Micro-USB
- 5-pin connector that connects to a peripheral device
| - Basically rectangular, but two corners are cut at an angle.
42
Mini-USB
- 5-pin connector that connects to a peripheral device
| - Basically rectangular, but two corners are cut at an angle on one side, and two tabs are on the other side.
43
USB-C
- Oval 24-pin connector that connects to either a computer or peripheral device
- Reversible, meaning that it may be inserted with either side up
- Has two rows of 12 pins
- Each row carries the same set of signals.
44
DB-9
- Trapezoid-shaped 9-pin connector arranged in two rows of four and five pins
- Used for serial connections to network devices’ console or management ports.
45
Lightning
- Rectangular 8-pin connector that connects to either a peripheral device
- Reversible, meaning that it may be inserted with either side up
- Has a single row of 8 pins that are exposed on both sides of the connector.
46
eSATA
- 7-pin connector that connects to an external SATA drive
| - Basically a rectangular shape with tabs on the ends.
47
Molex
- Most common Molex connector is a single-row 4-pin connector used to provide power to disk drives
- Has a basically rectangular shape with two corners cut at an angle.
48
Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module (SODIMM)
- Commonly found in laptops and come in 100-, 144-, 200-, 204-, and 260-pin configurations
- Defines the physical form factor of the module.
49
Double Data Rate 2 (DDR2)
- Double data rate (DDR) refers to the speed of data transfer
- DDR2 and has less power consumption and is faster than the original DDR RAM
- Comes in 240-pin DIMM and 200-pin SODIMM.
50
Double Data Rate 3 (DDR3)
- Faster than DDR2 and has 30% less power consumption
| - Comes in 240-pin DIMM and 204-pin SODIMM.
51
Double Data Rate 4 (DDR4)
- Faster than DDR3 and has less power consumption
| - Comes in 288-pin DIMM and 260-pin SODIMM.
52
Single Channel RAM Architecture
- Moves data on a single data bus, typically 64-bits at a time.
53
Dual Channel RAM Architecture
- Moves data on two data buses, typically 128-bits at a time.
54
Triple Channel RAM Architecture
- Moves data on three data buses, typically 192-bits at a time.
55
Error Checking and Correcting (ECC)
- ECC memory has logic built in to detect and correct single-bit memory errors
- For each byte (eight bits) of memory, a parity bit is set that will allow the logic to detect and correct an error in a single bit of each byte
- The logic would not correct an error in any byte with more than one bad bit.
56
Parity vs. Non-Parity
- Memory with parity has logic built in to detect single-bit memory errors
- For each byte (eight bits) of memory, a parity bit is set that will allow the logic to detect an error in a single bit of each byte
- The logic may or may not detect an error in any byte with more than one bad bit
- While parity allows for the detection of memory errors, it does not correct those errors
- Additional logic, such as ECC, would be needed for error correction.
57
Crossover
- Used to connect one device directly to another, such as two computers, without a switch or hub between them
- Use 568A on one end and 568B on the other.
