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CompTIA A+ > Cables > Flashcards

Cables Flashcards

1
Q

Ethernet

A
  • Twisted pairs of copper wire
  • Shielded or unshielded
  • Each category of cable has specific physical characteristics and a maximum data rate.
  • Maximum length of 100 meters.
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2
Q

Cat 5

A

Up to 100 Mbps.

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3
Q

Cat 5e

A

Up to 1 Gbps.

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4
Q

Cat 6

A
  • Up to 10 Gbps up to 55 meters

- Up to 1 Gbps up to 100 meters.

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5
Q

Plenum

A
  • Used in the plenum space of a building
  • Any space that handles air circulation in an HVAC system is plenum space, typically above a drop ceiling or below a raised floor
  • Uses low-smoke and low-flame materials for fire prevention.
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6
Q

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)

A
  • Uses two or four pairs of copper wire.
  • Uses a foil or braided shield to reduce electromagnetic interference
  • Depending on the type of cable, each twisted pair may be shielded or a single shield covers all twisted pairs.
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7
Q

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

A
  • Uses two or four pairs of copper wire

- The twist in the wires reduces electromagnetic interference.

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8
Q

568A/B

A
  • Ethernet cables are terminated with RJ-45 connectors
  • The pin-out (which wire connects to which pin) of those connectors is defined in the EIA/TIA 568A & 568B Standards
  • The difference between 568A and 568B is that the transmit and receive pairs are reversed. This allows for two types of cables, straight-through and crossover.
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9
Q

Straight-Through

A
  • Used to connect a device to the network via a switch or hub
  • Uses the same pin-out on both ends, whether 568A or 568B
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10
Q

Fiber Optic

A
  • Uses light pulses to transmit data through a glass or plastic core
  • Consists of four layers. The core is surrounded by a cladding that refracts light back into the core. The other two layers are the outer sheath, the part you see, and a strength member or buffer to protect the fiber.
  • Is not subject to electromagnetic interference, since it uses light to transmit data.
  • Transmission distances are longer and data rates are higher on fiber than they are on copper cable
  • Two basic types of fiber, single-mode and multimode. Single-mode fiber carries only one light path, typically sourced by a laser. Multimode carries multiple light paths and is sourced by an LED. Single-mode has a much longer transmission distance than multimode.
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11
Q

Coaxial

A
  • Used primarily for cable Internet service and audio/video applications such as cable TV\
  • Has a single copper conductor core surrounded by a dielectric insulator and one or more layers of shielding
  • Shielding reduces electromagnetic interference
  • Two most common types of coaxial cable are RG-6 for data and RG-59 for audio/video.
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12
Q

Video Cables

A
  • Connect a specific type of video port on a computer to a display
  • Each has its own connector type and cable pin-out.
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13
Q

VGA

A
  • Connect older analog Video Graphics Adapters to a display

- Uses a 15-pin connector arranged in three rows of five pins.

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14
Q

HDMI

A
  • Connect a High Definition Multimedia Interface to a display
  • Uses a 19-pin connector arranged in two rows
  • There are different types of HDMI cables
  • Most commonly used is type A but is usually just referred to as an HDMI cable with no type designation.
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15
Q

HDMI Type C

A
  • Usually referred to as mini-HDMI
  • Uses a 19-pin connector arranged in two rows, like the HDMI type A cable, but it is smaller and the pin-out is different.
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16
Q

DisplayPort

A
  • Connect a DisplayPort interface to a display

- Uses a 20-pin connector arranged in two rows of ten pins.

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17
Q

Digital Visual Interface (DVI) (DVI-D/DVI-I)

A
  • Connect a Digital Visual Interface interface to a display
  • DVI-D (-D for digital) supports only digital signals
  • DVI-I (-I for integrated) supports digital and analog signals
  • There are single-link and dual-link DVI cables
  • Single-link DVI supports 3.7 Gbps HDTV at 60 frames per second
  • Dual-link DVI supports 7.4 Gbps HDTV at 85 frames per second.
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18
Q

Lightning

A
  • Proprietary to Apple™
  • Used to connect Apple™ devices to USB ports
  • Has eight wires and is terminated with a USB connector on one end and a Lightning connector on the other
  • Can carry both data and power to charge the device
  • Is reversible, so it can be plugged into the device without regard to which side is up.
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19
Q

Thunderbolt

A
  • Another Apple™-proprietary cable
  • Comes as either copper or optical cable
  • Maximum length is 3 meters for copper and 60 meters for optical cable
  • Based on the Mini DisplayPort standard, except Thunderbolt version 3 uses a USB-C connector on the peripheral end
  • Provides both data and power to peripheral devices, most commonly storage and display devices
  • Three versions of Thunderbolt.
  • Total throughput for Thunderbolt 1 and 2 is 20 Gbps and Thunderbolt 3 is 40 Gbps.
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20
Q

Universal Serial Bus (USB)

A
  • Connect to a wide variety of peripheral devices
  • USB 1.1 was the first version in common use
  • Uses a type-A connector on the PC side and a type-B connector on the peripheral side
  • There are also mini and micro connectors for smaller devices such as cell phones and cameras
  • Supports two speeds
  • Low speed supports data transfer rate of 1.5 Mbps at lengths up to 3 meters
  • Full speed supports data transfer rates of 12 Mbps at lengths up to 5 meters
  • Provides power, as well.
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21
Q

USB-C

A
  • Connector type that is used on USB 3.0 and newer cables.
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22
Q

USB 2.0

A
  • Maintains the characteristics of USB 1.1 and adds a high-speed data transfer rate of 480 Mbps at lengths up to 5 meters.
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23
Q

USB 3.0

A
  • Maintains the characteristics of USB 2.0 and adds SuperSpeed data transfer rate of 5 Gbps at lengths up to 3 meters
  • The connectors are a bit different, adding pins to some connectors to support the higher transfer rate, as well as adding the type-C connector.
24
Q

Peripheral Cables

A
  • Used to connect a PC to other devices.
25
Q

Serial

A
  • Term “serial cable” usually refers to a specific type of cable that confirms to the RS-232 specification
  • Most often used to connect a laptop to the console or management port of a network device, such as a switch, router, or firewall.
26
Q

Hard Drive Cables

A
  • Connect a hard drive to a motherboard or controller card

- Same cables may also be used to connect optical drives and older floppy drives.

27
Q

Serial Advanced Technology (SATA)

A
  • Most commonly used hard drive cable
  • There are different SATA revisions
  • They all allow a maximum cable length of one meter
  • SATA revisions 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 3.2 support speeds of 1.5 Gbps, 3 Gbps, 6 Gbps, and 16 Gbps, respectively.
28
Q

Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)

A
  • An older interface
  • Is a 40-wire (34-wire for floppy drives) ribbon cable that is connected from the motherboard on one end to one or two drives on the other end.
29
Q

Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)

A
  • Designed to support a wide variety of device types, so there are different types of SCSI cables
  • They may be ribbon cables or standard round cables of 50, 68, or 80 wires
  • Up to 16 devices, including the motherboard or SCSI controller card, may be connected to one SCSI cable or daisy-chained together.
  • There are different types of SCSI connectors
  • Most common are rectangular or trapezoidal with 50 or 68 pins arranged in two rows.
30
Q

Adapters

A
  • May be used to connect a device to a port that is different from the connector on the device
  • Most often used to connect to a display or a network.
31
Q

DVI to HDMI

A
  • Connects a DVI port to an HDMI display

- DVI does not carry audio, so a separate connection is needed to carry audio to the display.

32
Q

USB to Ethernet

A
  • Connects a USB port on a computer to an Ethernet port on a network device.
33
Q

DVI to VGA

A
  • Connects a DVI port to a VGA display.
34
Q

RJ-11

A
  • Plain old telephone system connector

- Is a single-row 6-pin rectangular connector to connect to a phone system or modem.

35
Q

RJ-45

A

Often referred to as an Ethernet connector, this single-row 8-pin rectangular connector is used for Ethernet connections.

36
Q

RS-232

A
  • A specification for serial communications that uses either a DB-9 or DB-25 connector
  • Has a trapezoid shape
  • DB-9 is a 9-pin connector arranged in two rows of four and five pins
  • DB-25 is a 25-pin connector arranged in two rows of 12 and 13 pins
  • RS-232 is most commonly used to connect to network devices’ console or management ports.
37
Q

BNC

A
  • Used to terminate DS3 coaxial cables, used for wide area network connections
  • An older type of Ethernet network known as 10Base2 or Thinnet also used coaxial cable terminated with BNC connectors
  • Is a cylindrical connector with a twist-lock end to make a secure connection.
38
Q

RG-59

A

Cable TV coaxial cables are terminated with RG-59 connectors, cylindrical connectors with a threaded end to make a secure connection.

39
Q

RG-6

A

Cable Internet coaxial cables are terminated with RG-6 connectors, cylindrical connectors with a threaded end to make a secure connection.

40
Q

Type-A & -B USB

A
  • Type-A USB connector is a rectangular 4-pin connector that connects to a computer
  • Type-B USB connector is a 4-pin connector that connects to a peripheral device
  • Is basically square, but two corners are cut at an angle.
41
Q

Micro-USB

A
  • 5-pin connector that connects to a peripheral device

- Basically rectangular, but two corners are cut at an angle.

42
Q

Mini-USB

A
  • 5-pin connector that connects to a peripheral device

- Basically rectangular, but two corners are cut at an angle on one side, and two tabs are on the other side.

43
Q

USB-C

A
  • Oval 24-pin connector that connects to either a computer or peripheral device
  • Reversible, meaning that it may be inserted with either side up
  • Has two rows of 12 pins
  • Each row carries the same set of signals.
44
Q

DB-9

A
  • Trapezoid-shaped 9-pin connector arranged in two rows of four and five pins
  • Used for serial connections to network devices’ console or management ports.
45
Q

Lightning

A
  • Rectangular 8-pin connector that connects to either a peripheral device
  • Reversible, meaning that it may be inserted with either side up
  • Has a single row of 8 pins that are exposed on both sides of the connector.
46
Q

eSATA

A
  • 7-pin connector that connects to an external SATA drive

- Basically a rectangular shape with tabs on the ends.

47
Q

Molex

A
  • Most common Molex connector is a single-row 4-pin connector used to provide power to disk drives
  • Has a basically rectangular shape with two corners cut at an angle.
48
Q

Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module (SODIMM)

A
  • Commonly found in laptops and come in 100-, 144-, 200-, 204-, and 260-pin configurations
  • Defines the physical form factor of the module.
49
Q

Double Data Rate 2 (DDR2)

A
  • Double data rate (DDR) refers to the speed of data transfer
  • DDR2 and has less power consumption and is faster than the original DDR RAM
  • Comes in 240-pin DIMM and 200-pin SODIMM.
50
Q

Double Data Rate 3 (DDR3)

A
  • Faster than DDR2 and has 30% less power consumption

- Comes in 240-pin DIMM and 204-pin SODIMM.

51
Q

Double Data Rate 4 (DDR4)

A
  • Faster than DDR3 and has less power consumption

- Comes in 288-pin DIMM and 260-pin SODIMM.

52
Q

Single Channel RAM Architecture

A
  • Moves data on a single data bus, typically 64-bits at a time.
53
Q

Dual Channel RAM Architecture

A
  • Moves data on two data buses, typically 128-bits at a time.
54
Q

Triple Channel RAM Architecture

A
  • Moves data on three data buses, typically 192-bits at a time.
55
Q

Error Checking and Correcting (ECC)

A
  • ECC memory has logic built in to detect and correct single-bit memory errors
  • For each byte (eight bits) of memory, a parity bit is set that will allow the logic to detect and correct an error in a single bit of each byte
  • The logic would not correct an error in any byte with more than one bad bit.
56
Q

Parity vs. Non-Parity

A
  • Memory with parity has logic built in to detect single-bit memory errors
  • For each byte (eight bits) of memory, a parity bit is set that will allow the logic to detect an error in a single bit of each byte
  • The logic may or may not detect an error in any byte with more than one bad bit
  • While parity allows for the detection of memory errors, it does not correct those errors
  • Additional logic, such as ECC, would be needed for error correction.
57
Q

Crossover

A
  • Used to connect one device directly to another, such as two computers, without a switch or hub between them
  • Use 568A on one end and 568B on the other.

CompTIA A+ (2 decks)

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