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Higher Graphics > CAD > Flashcards

CAD Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

What is top-down modelling?

A

One part of the model helps to make the next part of the model by projecting either features or sketches.

The Top-Down Modelling approach helps to ensure that all components fit together in the modelling stage.

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2
Q

Advantages of top-down modelling:

A

It is an efficient way of modelling because it is more accurate when complex parts are involved in the modelling.

It ensures parts fit together at the modelling stage without the need for constraints.

It speeds up the process of CAD Modelling.

When a size in a part is changed, the sizes in the components that share this sketch also change.

Top-down modelling allows you to project geometry from other parts.

Top-down modelling allows parts to be modelled in situ and will not need constraints to assemble.

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3
Q

What is bottom-up modelling?

A

Each part of a model is made individually and saved as an individual component.

All components made using Bottom-Up Modelling require to be placed into an assembly.

Constraints are required at the assembly stage for Bottom-Up Models.

Any changes to a component will need to be done by editing it individually.

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4
Q

Disadvantages of bottom-up modelling:

A

Geometry (including sketches and dimension) and features are not shared or transferred between parts.

It takes more time to model and assemble component parts using Bottom-Up Modelling.

When a size needs to be changed, the sizes in all the components using the sketch need to be changed individually.

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5
Q

What is the modelling tree?

A

The modelling tree shows the CAD Technician the process that has been followed to make their CAD Model.

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6
Q

Advantages of the modelling tree:

A

The CAD Technician can edit sketches and features already made, meaning they do not have to remake the model if a mistake is made.

It allows parts of the model to be suppressed to increate ease of editing.

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7
Q

What are CAD libraries?

A

CAD libraries are the backbone of 3D Modelling on companies. Most products are creates using ‘Standardised components’ that are saved into one large library. Any CAD Technician can access these to ensure consistency across all models produced by the company. It also speeds up production time as not all parts have to be made entirely from scratch.

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8
Q

Advantages of a CAD library:

A

Reduces time to model each component.

Reduces the chance of CAD Technicians making errors.

Represents actual standard component parts.

The same component parts would be used by all CAD Technicians in the company

Library of components can be used by CAD users worldwide.

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9
Q

Things to include in radial array:

A

Sketch of shape (with sizes)

Axis of Resolution.

Number of feature

PCD (Circle the Radial Array follows).

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10
Q

Things to include in box array:

A

Sketch of shape (with sizes)

Pitch (distance between shapes)

Number of Rows.

Number of Columns.

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11
Q

Advantages of vector file formats:

A

Scalable without pixelation/loss of quality.

Colour can be changed within DTP software.

Small file sizes.

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12
Q

Advantages of raster file formats:

A

High resolution images allow for photorealistic images to be saved as each pixel can be a different colour allowing for subtle changes in colour.

Allows for rich and detailed images due to use of pixels over shapes.

Do not require specialist software to open so can be used almost anywhere and on any device.

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13
Q

Explain the term sub-assembly:

A

Components create an assembly that is used within another assembly.

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14
Q

Types of sections:

A

Revolved (rotated 90 degrees)

Removed

Stepped Section (cuts through two planes)

Half Section

Part Section

Full Section

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15
Q

Sectioning of threads:

A

When hole is occupied: section to outside line

When hole is unoccupied: section to inside line

When bolt is half-inserted: section to outside line for the part that is occupied and inside line for when unoccupied

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16
Q

Things that aren’t sectioned:

A

Nuts

Bolts

Webs

Axels

Shafts

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17
Q

Types of constraints:

A

Mate

Align

Centre Axis

Orientate

Offset

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18
Q

Types of views:

A

Exploded, sectional, orthographic, detailed

Isometric, oblique, planometric, one point perspective, two point perspective

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19
Q

Purpose of a detailed view:

A

Gives a larger view of a specific area allowing for greater clarity in the view.

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20
Q

Purpose of an exploded isometric view:

A

Shows how the parts fit together.

Shows how many parts there are.

Allows someone to see how to assemble the object.

Allows someone to see the order of assembly.

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21
Q

How to answer a helix question:

A

Draw the profile and a centre axis. Set the distance of the profile from the centre axis.

Use the helix command, set the pitch, revolutions and taper.

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22
Q

How to answer an extrude/sweep along a path question:

A

Draw the profile of the shape.

Create a perpendicular workplane and sketch the path the profile should follow.

Use extrude or sweep along a path to make profile follow path.

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23
Q

How to answer a loft question:

A

Create a workplane and draw initial sketch.

Create new workplane and offset it required distance from first workplane.

Draw profile of new workplane.

Use loft feature between the first and second sketch.

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24
Q

Explain tangency:

A

When two circles/arcs connect at a single point.

When two circles/arcs connect but do not overlap.

The smooth transition from one arc to the next.

The smooth transition from an arc to a straight line (or vice-versa).

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25
Advantages to the designer of using digital sketching instead of manual sketching:
The sketches could include realistic material representations. Further illustration techniques can be applied to enhance the initial sketch. They can be built up in a series of layers to ease editing. They are automatically stored electronically and do not require scanning to upload to the website. Sketches can be exported into other packages. A wider range of tools/brushes are available. Easy to share through cloud services or email. Library of resources can be utilised. Accept ease of editing as sizes can be changed quickly through the modelling tree rather than having to re-draw a full sketch manually.
26
Benefits of using rendered 3D CAD illustrations to show design concepts to a client:
Photo real image of how the product will look. Realistic representation of materials. Useful for users who cannot read or interpret 2D drawings. Rendered CAD pictorials can be sent out to users via email. Alternative versions showing different colours or finishes can be quickly and easily created. Light sources can be simulated.
27
Purpose of a sited environment:
A rendered scene that places an object in a physical setting/environment. A rendered scene that places the object in a specific context and gives a greater sense of believability. A rendered scene that uses the surrounding environment to show how products appears in light/sunny/dark conditions. Gives a sense of scale. Can show DTP work in realistic setting. To give an idea of the ease of readability/clarity in a sited environment. No need to print full-size samples.
28
Benefits of using cloud computing:
Cloud computing gives the ability to work remotely which allows ease of collaboration. Companies working on a project across different locations can give access to the same files which ensures they work from the most up to date versions. Cloud computing allows employees to be more flexible in their work practices in terms of the ability to quickly and easily access data at any time. Cloud computing systems are regularly updated making sure the latest versions of software is being used. Cloud computing can allow access to more high spec. servers which will allow for a higher quality output. Can be accessed on multiple devices or platforms. Portable devices with less storage capacity can access the information as items will be saved in the cloud, not the device.
29
Benefits of using 3D CAD models in manufacturing:
3D models can be used to directly manufacture (CNC/CAM). To enable dimensions to be extracted from the CAD model, without production drawings. 3D models can be used to show how complex items are assembled. 3D models do not need a manufacturer to interpret complex production drawings. Production drawings can be created and fully dimensioned from the CAD model. Allows for a range of tests to be undertaken prior to manufacture.
30
Why a drop cap can be used to enhance the readability of a document:
Highlights the starting point of a piece of body text so that the reader knows where to start reading from. Emphasises the start of each piece of the body text which makes the document easier to follow. Contrasts in size with the rest of the body text which draws attention to the paragraph. Consistent use of the drop cap in each piece of body text creates rhythm which helps guide between sections.
31
Purpose of crop marks:
Identify the edge of the trimmed publication so that post printing, it is cut to the correct size. Identifies bleed area to ensure edge-to-edge printing.
32
Advantages of the company using photographs they own the rights to:
No purchasing costs. No issues concerning copyright of image. The company are not restricted by the stock images available. The company can capture images which suit their needs exactly. The image can be captured in the correct orientation (portrait, landscape).
33
Ways to edit layouts to improve environmental impact:
Reduce number of images. Reduce size of images. Reduce size of typeface. Apply transparency to images. These will all use less ink.
34
Why dxf is a suitable file format for saving CAD drawings:
DXF may need to be accessed, viewed and or referenced by an application that is not capable of opening other file types. Many applications can open a DXF file as it a commonly used file format. The type of information being conveyed is 2D line work and text, and is the type of information that a DXF is designed to handle. DXF is a vector graphic and so can be scaled without losing quality.
35
State the name of a suitable input device that could be used to capture the image of the outdoor textures:
Handheld scanner Digital camera Digital camera on a mobile device
36
Purpose of registration marks in printing:
To allow the multicolour (CMYK) 2 printing to be set up correctly. To allow checking of alignment of print stages. Each registration mark should overprint exactly for accurate registration. Correct alignment of secondary process eg trimming.
37
Types of fonts:
Serif Sans Serif Script
38
Types of cropping:
Square crop. Full crop.
39
Benefits of square crop:
To frame a specific area of the image or focus on subject of the image. To remove an unwanted area of the image. To allow the image to fit the available space within the layout.
40
Benefits of full crop:
To apply own background. To remove clutter. To provide an irregular outline. To create visual interest. To create contrast. To create layering.
41
Advantages to the graphic artist of using placeholder text:
Speeds up the process of creating layouts as the graphic artist does not need to manually type the text required. Allows the graphic artist to consider placement of text without being distracted by the readable content of a page. Allows the graphic artist to consider size to see how much space would be needed. Allows graphic artist to consider typeface to see what style would suit the theme of the layout.
42
What is placeholder text?
A filler text that is a short paragraph that contains all the letters of the alphabet. The characters are spread out evenly so that the reader's attention is focused on the layout of the text instead of its content.
43
Advantages to the graphic artist of using layers to produce the layout:
Text and images can be edited separately. Layers can be turned off and on to improve clarity during the production of the layout. The layers can provide a master page for similar future layouts that may be required. Layers can be edited without affecting other elements of the layout. Layers can be ordered by either moving backwards or forwards. Layers can be locked to prevent them from being edited or moved by mistake.
44
Benefits to consumers of reading a web page/layout online:
Can view embedded content (movie clip) to interact with it. Easy to zoom in or increase size of font to improve accessibility. Can expand areas of text to ‘read more’ allowing more information to be included. Can view linked material (social media platforms) allowing better user engagement. Available in a range of languages broadening target audience. Built in accessibility features such as text to speech allows more people to access content. Can copy and paste content making it easier to share. Can be read in different lighting. conditions, such as in the dark, with justification eg device can be backlit, brightness level can be adjusted.
45
Illustration/3D rendering techniques applied to produce realistic looking graphics:
Application of: light shadow reflection perspective materials textures decals
46
Name of a vector file extension which a logo could be exported as:
.svg (scalable vector graphic)
47
Describe two advantages for the company of operating a paperless office. (Do not include environmental benefits from reduced paper.)
Improves corporate image of company. Easier to enable remote working. Easier to collaborate on projects remotely. Reduced costs from storage. Reduced costs from use of ink, toner or paper OR reduced environmental impact from use of ink or toner.
48
Advantages of using digital screens over traditional printed timetables:
Changes can be made without the need for reprinting. Scrolling screens can be added allowing more information or advertisements to be shown. Live information can be added. Moving images/video can be added.
49
Features which should be shown on a British Standards location plan:
North sign. Contour lines. Scale. Roads/streets/street names. Boundary lines. Geographical features, woodland, rivers. Buildings. Location of buildings.
50
Factors that influence the choice of scale in a floorplan:
Size of building. Size of paper. Amount of detail being shown.
51
Things that the designer would have to consider when making the site plan suitable for a range of electronic devices:
Multi-platform compatibility eg iOS, Android, PC. Compatible with different screen sizes and aspect ratios. Can increase scale without loss of clarity. Image contrast high for clarity. File size for download speed accessibility. Colour contrast.
52
Why using STEP file formats is advantageous to the manufacturer:
These files can be opened in any 3D modelling packages. They allow the manufacturer to make edits/changes, if required, prior to manufacture.
53
Why the 3rd angle projection symbol is useful to the manufacturer:
It allows the company to see the projection method used within the drawing. This will assist with the interpreting of the information given and the view positioning.
54
3 Ps:
Preliminary Production Promotional
55
Purpose of preliminary graphics:
Helps to create and develop ideas.
56
Purpose of production graphics:
Aids with assembly of the product.
57
Purpose of promotional graphics:
Allows manufacturer to advertise their products/services to potential customers.
58
What does PCD stand for:
Pitch Circle Diameter
59
Benefits to the company of the option to view a page in a variety of languages:
Better business opportunities for the company with different countries. More people can access and understand the written information on the website.
60
Why the choice of typeface is an important aspect for the company to consider when creating an online magazine:
Clarity and readability. Physical size of device will determine size of text being viewed. Typeface may reflect style of magazine/target market.
61
Main characteristics of serif fonts:
The letters have decorative strokes on the ends of the characters.
62
Disadvantages of cloud storage:
Cloud could be hacked. Intellectual property stolen. Digital rights management issues. Requires access to internet at all times. Cloud servers may fail. Virus infection of the system/software.
63
What is meant by the term high-resolution:
An image that contains a large number of pixels per unit area.
64
The name of a suitable file type for an image:
Bitmap (BMP) Jpeg (JPG) Portable Network Graphic (PNG) Tagged Image File Format (TIFF)
65
Why watermarks are added to the free images:
Watermarking is a means of protecting the intellectual property of the company. It can also act as an advertisement for the company as it contains their logo and brand identity (it can potentially lead to future business). To stop others from selling or passing off the images as their own. Prevents use of image without payment being made.
66
Why images/boxes bleed beyond crop marks:
No white spaces will appear outside of the images/boxes after cropping.
67
CAD Location plans show:
Location of building in relation to streets. Location of building in relation to other buildings. Size of building to scale. Contours show the slope in the land. Geographical features eg rivers, woodland, greenbelt. Position of existing railways, bridges. North Symbol will show the direction the building is facing.
68
CAD Site plans show:
Proposed building in relation to the property boundaries. Size and position of the building. Position of drainage. Landscape elements. Gas, electrical and water supplies. Contours show the slope in the land. Trees shown in position. North Symbol will show the direction the building is facing. Size of the building and site to scale.
69
How manual sketches can be converted to digital images for use on a website:
The sketches would have to be captured/scanned using a suitable device (flatbed, hand, photocopier used as a scanner, digital camera, digitiser/graphics tablet)
70
Advantages of Jpeg files:
Jpeg files are compressed. Jpeg files are a small size. Jpeg is a common file type. Jpegs are easily accessible without any specialist software.
71
Benefits of applying cross-hatching to a sectional construction drawing:
Describe different materials. Describe different components. Show parts that have been cut by the cutting plane.
72
Why companies advertising may prefer to use a digital format than a hardcopy format:
Sharing elements/videos/images on social media or email. Interactivity allows advertisers website to be accessed directly and instantly. Potential purchasing of products is easier. Live pricing on products. Advantage of being able to add videos, animations, slideshows using the same amount of advertising space.
73
Disadvantages in the distribution a digital version over a hardcopy version:
Adaptability for different platforms/devices. Target market limited due to affordability of devices. Subscription services. Possible loss of jobs for print staff. Not offset by digital based employees. Digital rights management. Internet access not always available. Some potential users put off by digital media and prefer the printed version.
74
TANGENCY
75

Higher Graphics (4 decks)

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