CAE updated key terms Flashcards
(194 cards)
1
Q
Legal Counsel
A
Is responsible to Board. Selection of counsel is generally
decision of chief executive employed in-house counsel,
ad hoc selection committee, executive committee, or
governing board
2
Q
Can the IRS deny tax
deductibility?
A
It will unless attendance directly relates to the conduct of
business by participant or unless it is reasonable to hold
the meeting outside North America (reasonable =
purpose, activities, mission of association, home country
of members)
3
Q
What are the two international
audit levels?
A
assess how international the profession is, evaluate
association’s international standing
4
Q
Privileged motions
A
take precedence over any pending main motion.
Examples. • Set a time for adjournment • To adjourn • To
hold a recess • To raise a question of privilege • To call
for orders of the day
5
Q
Long-term Liabilities
A
Debts with maturity dates longer than a year
6
Q
Policies & Procedures should
include at least:
A
- Record retention plan 2. Anti-trust program 3.
Procedures for meetings
7
Q
Internal research plays a role in:
A
- Issues management 2. Strategic planning 3. Meetings
and trade shows 4. Member satisfaction
8
Q
Accounts Receivable
A
An asset, the amount of cash still due to the association
when it sells an item to an outside entity who agrees to
pay later.
9
Q
Nondeductibility of Dues
Because of Lobbying (Proxy
Tax)
A
elect to pay flat 35% excise tax on lobbying
expenditures so members can deduct full amount of
dues Must inform members what % is deductible
Doesn’t include local lobbying
10
Q
Individuals conform to three
basic types
A
- Tradition directed: Rigid adherence to accustomed way
of doing things. 2. Inner directed: People base opinions
on long-standing goals and values. 3. Outer-directed:
Derive opinions and values from outside peers,
associates, friends, and media.
11
Q
CSE as servant-leader
A
• The CSE serves the board, but NEVER surrenders the
leadership role needed. • The CSE must speak the big
picture perspective when no else does. •The CSE must
take the leadership role and set the boundaries for the
relationship
12
Q
Professional associations
A
an association of individuals with an acquired knowledge
and experience that qualifies them as specialists, or sharing a field of business or practice in a profession
(medical, legal, individual membership assoc)
13
Q
What three documents should
you provide volunteers:
A
- Legal 2. Management 3. Internal
14
Q
Unqualified
A
clean, opinion auditor is happy with statement as a whole
15
Q
Policies
A
spell out standards of conduct and decision making;
articulate the strategy and philosophy of governing body;
provide framework upon which the association builds its
procedures. Developed and adopted by volunteer leaders
16
Q
Accrual Basis Accounting
A
Recognizes revenues when earned and expenses when
incurred
17
Q
Benefits of Incorporation
A
- Eliminates personal liability of volunteers. 2.
Continuity 3. Psychological benefits (stability, etc.) 4.
Provides protection under certain laws. 5. Has guidelines - Own real estate 7. Easier to obtain D&O
18
Q
Defamation
A
Should not make defamatory statements unless there is
clear evidence that they are true. Should purchase
liability insurance
19
Q
Quick Ratio (also called Acid Test Ratio)
A
• Measure of assets that can be quickly liquidated and
used to pay debts • Measure of immediate liquidity; may
be more accurate indicator than current ratio for a short
span of time -1:1 ratio is satisfactory
20
Q
Managing Responses to Media
Inquiries
A
Prepare for the interview •Draft message points •Speak in
an “inverted pyramid” •Don’t say too much •Stay
positive •Speak clearly •Dress appropriately for on camera interviews
21
Q
External environment
A
the world outside the association
22
Q
Financial Policies
A
- Investments 2. Spending 3. Operating and
Capitalization
23
Q
Affiliated chapter
A
Chapter is a separate entity and operates independently
24
Q
Lobbying Activity
A
any action taken in support of a lobbying contact
25
Congressional Gifts
House – no gifts no matter the value. Senate – no gifts
worth $50+ and nothing totaling $100 in a year from one
source. Gifts to the family = gift to the member. No
honoraria to Congress or staff. Can receive ticket to
widely attended conventions
26
Investment management
| fiduciary responsibility of Board
1. Did plan achieve expected return and investment
objectives? 2. Is manager abiding by plan’s investment
policy statement? 3. What contributed to total return of
portfolio
27
In marketing, the CEO is
| responsible for
1. Serving as central staff person. 2. outline
responsibilities 3. Provide staff support and budget 4.
Make marketing high priority 5. Ensure plan is
synchronized 6. Reward achievement 7. Insist on sound
research 8. Monitor and evaluate results
28
ADDIE
A = Analysis D = Design D = Development I =
| Implementation E = Evaluation
29
What are budgets built around
| the marketing plan focused on?
focused on revenue and revenue potential.
30
Criteria for credentialing
o Should be NO MORE stringent than necessary to
assume minimum qualifications o Must not restrict or
boycott competitors o Cost must be reasonable and
not set at a level prohibitive to smaller members or to
nonmembers o participation must be voluntary
31
strategic marketing plan
focuses on specific association functions (products,
| services)
32
Audience reaction team format
refers to a group of members on stage who query group
| of experts
33
Qualified
not happy with something
34
The Robinson-Patman Act
prohibits discriminatory pricing between different
| purchasers of commodities of like grade and quality.
35
Terminating Employees
Focus on the problems’ affect on employee job
performance and the work place. Move promptly to
confront and resolve it. Clear and specific expectations and timetables. Urge employee to seek medical help.
Document thoroughly. Handle with consistency
36
Indirect Costs
Allocates salaries (allocation of staff time) and other
overhead to present the true profitability of products and
services. - Calculated prorated share of overhead
expenses to the specific program or service. - Best
practice in program budgeting
37
Merger
combining one entity into another
38
Federations
associations are composed not of individual members but of other associations
39
Statistical Groups
Bound together by sex, income, education, and
| occupation. Individuals tend to respond in the same way.
40
Does a PAC have to have a
| treasurer?
PAC must have a treasurer at ALL TIMES Must keep
record of all donations and contributions Records kept
for three years
41
Permanent records (HR)
1. Organizing/governing documents 2. IRS tax-exempt
documents 3. Employment records 4. Contracts,
insurance policies, deeds, trademark or patent certificates, etc. 5. Lobbying certificates, etc.
42
Current Ratio
• Measures solvency and the ability to pay current debts
with current assets with a margin of safety. General
availability of cash to pay off debts as they come in. •
Acceptable ratio is 2:1; $2 in assets for every $1 of debt;
minimum ratio is 1:1.
43
Sarbanes-Oxley
Non-profit Requirements: A. Whistleblower
Policy—protect informants from retaliation. B.
Document Destruction Policy—not allowing employees
to obstruct justice by destroying documents. i. Record
Retention Policy
44
Taxes - Form 990 & 990 EZ
A. Must file 990 if gross annual income exceeds $25,000.
B. Can file 990 EZ if gross revenue of under $100,000 and total assets under $25,000.
C. Due Dates: May 15th ;
can file extension to August 15th and November 15th.
Must file by November 15th.
45
Governance
(membership and org. structure, volunteer leadership,
| related businesses, association management, finance)
46
How should Employee
| performance plans be outlined?
SMART...Specific Measurable Attainable Relevant
| Time-based
47
Reporting UBI and UBIT
A. Report UBIT liability over $500. B. Quarterly
estimated tax payments are required. C. Foreign tax
credit available for foreign associations. D. File 990-T
along with 990 if annual gross UBIT income is greater
than $1,000.
48
If a pub includes advertising
income, what two sides should
you break out the budget?
Advertising and editorial
49
Competency
a set of related knowledge, abilities, and skills that
| directly affect a major part of an individual’s job.
50
Primary Research
External research, taking mostly from members or
| nonmembers (does not/may not exist)
51
Three Components of Strategic
| Implementation
Programs: Those that directly support its mission; and
Those that generate revenue. Procedures: specific,
sequential steps for the tasks required to complete the
programs. Budgets: Budget-driven = programs based on
your budget VS strategy-driven)
52
Unearned Revenues: Also
| deferred revenue
A liability, payments received in advance for goods or
| services to be provided in the future (e.g. dues received at the end of the current year for the following year).
53
Consumer Credit Protection Act
| 1 or more
“prohibits employees from being terminated for
| garnishments for any one indebtedness”
54
Industry relations
Communications with other companies within the
| organization’s industrial sector.
55
Association policies and
procedures generally addresses
which (3) three areas?
governance; management and operations; and public
| image and public policy
56
Educational Methods & Learning
| Techniques:
know the program purpose, objectives, audience and
available resources. Selection of the most appropriate
techniques and methods can be accomplished only after
the intended outcomes and primary characteristics of
instruction have been determined.
57
Requests for Proposals Process
SPIE & LERP
58
Due diligence. An association
| must
1. Establish policies and procedures 2. Assign staff to
oversee compliance 3. Use care not to delegate authority
to someone who engaged in illegal activities 4. Monitor
and audit 6. Discipline violations 7. Respond
appropriately to violations
59
Advertising
Paid, one-way communication. Completely controlled
60
Committees
– generally are responsible for either designing and
| operating a project or recommending policy to the board
61
Solicitation (PAC) Do's
Can solicit from corporate employees as often as desired after permission granted; can solicit noncorporate members and families; solicit specified association executive and administrative personnel and their families
62
PUBLICATIONS (Clarify financial goals:)
1. Intent to make money or break even? 2. How much
| expected revenue? 3. What level of investment?
63
Membership Restrictions
Membership is a privilege, but may be a right if not
| belonging harms competitively.
64
Taxable UBIT Criteria
1. Trade or business activity; competes unfairly with
taxable businesses. 2.Regularly carried on in a frequent or continuous way (operate parking lot every Saturday all
year) 3. Not substantially related to tax-exempt purpose.
65
Adult Education:
adults have a desire to know what they will gain by
learning; they want to make their own decision about
learning content and process
66
Exceptions from UBIT
A. Passive Income (not taxed), B. Investment Earnings:
Dividends, Interest, Rents, Royalties, Payments for
security loans, Annuities (that are not from a controlled
subsidiary). Capital gains on passive investment assets
that are NOT debt financed.
67
Music Licensing
Must obtain permission even if just background music
Can get blanket permission through ASCAP/BMI If
association benefits from event where copyright
infringement, then association can be liable
68
ADA and pre-employment medical inquiries
Only drug testing is permitted during the application and
pre-screening process; ADA forbids pre-employments
inquiries and exams. However a medical exam may be
required ONCE an offer has been made.
69
Fixed Assets:
Property, equipment and other assets that the
| association expects will last more than one year.
70
Investment Policies
• Goal reserve : 50% of operating expenses (test
question). • Investment policies should clearly outline
volunteer and staff responsibilities • Breakdown of short
and long-term funds. • Breakdown of % at various risk
levels.
71
Readership Costs
Total cost of producing the periodical – Direct
Advertising Expense (Tip: Readership Costs = Periodical
Costs – Advertising Costs)
72
Types of Net Assets–Reportable
| on Form 990
1. Unrestricted Net Assets 2. Temporarily Restricted Net
| Assets 3. Permanently Restricted Net Asset
73
Activity Ratio
Measures how quickly can convert its receivables into
| cash
74
Reserve Ratio
= Expandable Net Assets / Total Annual Expenses •
| Measures what percentage of annual budget is covered by available assets.
75
Secondary Research
Usually first step in research project. Information that
already exists, including archives, membership database,
related associations, trade publications, colleges and
universities, etc.
76
Taxonomy
hierarchical classification system that defines an
organization’s information, disciplines, and activities
that it undertakes as part of its routine business
77
Circulation Income
Income collected from providing the periodical or web
site; e.g. subscriptions payments and income from the
portion of dues attributable to members’ subscription to
periodicals.
78
Create a learning environment
| management
1. Delegate responsibility 2. Set and communicate
performance standards 3. Give immediate, specific, and honest feedback 4. Work with staff to identify where
training/education is beneficial
79
Four Internal Financial Controls
• Don’t have same person do all (clear lines) – clear lines
of authority • Give authority with responsibility •
Training is key • Acceptance of responsibility
80
Liabilities
Financial obligations owed to creditors, claims on assets,
| loans, accounts payable, taxes, unearned or deferred dues and other revenue
81
Pedagogy
child approach; emphasizes role of teacher w/ no
| interaction in curriculum dev’t by student
82
Sherman Act
prohibits restraint of trade, monopolies and other anticompetitive
activity
83
Three Primary Elements of KM
how organizations gather, manage, and use knowledge
84
Antitrust Compliance Programs
o A system of continuous consciousness on antitrust. o
Documented proof that measures were taken. o
Documented proof that the system was carried out.
85
Performance Appraisals
•are the cornerstone to the establishment of the relative
ranking of employee performance; they assist in
determining how employees are paid • “preferred option
is to conduct all reviews after the close of the fiscal or
program year”
86
What is a horizontal association?
servicing one functional level of an industry, profession, or field
87
Purpose of credentialing
to improve the QUALITY of professional competence
within the areas represented by the association. An
individual exhibits mastery of a specific body of
knowledge
88
Distance Education:
any education or training activity in which the instructor
and students are separated in time and/or space. Programs may include online education, videoconferencing and teleconferencing as well as traditional correspondence courses
89
Three key elements characterize a
strong national/chapter
relationship:
clarity of the role and purpose, open communication, and
| mutual commitment.
90
Ultra vires
Individual is acting beyond scope of authority
91
Pre-crisis (crisis management)
1. Plan (name a leader, comm. Procedures, notification
list, train team, draft alternative scenarios, media
command center) 2. Policy 3. Establish crisis information
function
92
Objectives of credentialing
o Raise standards o Award recognition o Establish
| credibility
93
Tacit knowledge
what you would find in someone's head
94
Job descriptions
provide evidence of essential functions of the job as
described in the ADA. Descriptions can be used as the
basis for discrimination, equal pay, and contract
lawsuits.
95
IT MANAGEMENT
1. Understand (needs analysis) 2. Analyze current IT
systems (does it meet goals/where doesn’t it/information
blueprint) 3. Linking the two 4. Implement and evaluate
96
Key outcome of KM
knowledge transfer
97
Record Retention
Permanent records: articles of incorporation, other
organizing and governing documents, IRS tax-exemption
determination letter, minute books and bank statements
Keep all canceled checks and other supporting
documentation for income and expenses - 7 years
98
Current Liabilities
Obligations due within the coming year
99
Hierarchy of Documents
Articles of Incorporation, Bylaws, Policies, Procedures, Practice
100
CRISIS MANAGEMENT
Pre-Crisis, The Crisis, Post-Crisis
101
Explicit knowledge
knowledge that has been or can be articulated, codified,
and stored in certain media. It can be readily transmitted
to others. The most common forms of explicit knowledge
are manuals, documents and procedures.
102
Credit Reporting
• Members submit reports naming customers whose
accounts are past due • Useful to members in evaluating
credit risks • Declared legal by Supreme Court • Make report available only to those with a legitimate interest in
credit information
103
Return on Investment Ratio
| ROI
= Profits / Equity or Total Assets $50,000 / $200,000 =
25% • Tests profit performance relative to the equity or
capital being used to generate the profits.
104
Notes Payable
Secured debt; i.e. building loan
105
Royalty and licensing
| agreements (Best Practice)
Endorsement or licensing contract that carries the lowest
risk of UBIT, licenses the assoc name, logo, and/or
mailing list, and exercises quality control rights only.
Outsource administrative and marketing services to 3rd
party
106
Personal liability claims
Homeowners insurance will cover limited personal
liability claims for volunteer activity. D&O protects
volunteers from claims due to decisions made in good
faith on behalf of the association.
107
Auditors Report
gives auditor’s opinion about statements. Not a
management report, belongs to Auditor. Everything else
is management representation. Statements belong to
organization, not Auditor.
108
Types of research studies
1. Industry or profession-specific studies 2.
Compensation studies 3. Market studies (trade
associations) 4. Benchmarking studies (best practice) 5.
Operating ratios (compare against other associations)
109
Working Capital
= Current Assets – Current Liabilities • Measures ability
| to pay its financial obligations.
110
Net Assets As a % of Planned
| Operating Expense Ratio
Net Assets / Planned Operating Expenses • Indicates that
ability to continue to operate in the event of financial
difficulties. • How long an association can operate
without new revenue.
111
Participative Management
Generally accepted as best practice, participative
management means that the people who are most
impacted by a decision have an opportunity for input.
112
PAC Registration
must be registered within 10 days of formulation usually
with the FEC, Secretary of the Senate or the Clerk of the
House
113
Intellectual property
often an association's most valuable property. (logo,
| name, trademarks, etc)
114
What is GAAP?
Generally Accepted Accounting Prinicples
115
Direct Advertising Expense
Expenses associated with sale and production of the
advertisement; e.g. salaries, printing, typesetting,
production, and mailing costs.
116
Indemnification (Risk Management)
allows non-profits to indemnify their officers and
directors against claims made against them if the claims
are based on behalf of the association.
117
Americans with Disabilities Act
| 15 or more
If someone was addicted to drugs in the past – this is a
covered disability • Reasonable accommodation o “does
not include lower production or quality standards” o
“employer need not provide an accommodation that
would impose an undue hardship
118
Bylaws
the main internal rules for association management and government
119
Hydrolevel
1982 Sherman Act violation • Apparent authority • Treble
damages • ASME, product standards: voluntary standard
can be used to restrain competition
120
Affinity Program Agreement
Agreement for affinity program is called a “royalty
| agreement” or “license agreement.”
121
Fair Labor Standards Act (1 or more)
Deals with employment status, child labor, minimum
| wage, overtime pay, and record keeping requirements.
122
Convention resume
Specific work plan for each event. Narrative overview of
| meeting
123
Cash Budget
Pulls information from operating budget for revenue and
expenses. • Uses capital budget to determine cash needed to purchase fixed assets • Does not include non-cash items. • Determine cash flow before budgeting investment income.
124
Membership Services to Nonmembers
Any program that offers important economic or business
benefit of competitive value MUST be also available to
non-members. Can charge them more, as long as it does
not deliberately compel membership
125
Steps to Build Ethics Program
1. Ensure Board commits 2. Assign sr. manager 3.
Commission an independent assessment 4. Independent
audit 5. Create ethics task force 6. Create strong training
component 7. Individual action plans 8. Ethics hotline 9.
Reporting system 10. Publici
126
Volunteers - Selection and
| Management Process
1. Recruitment 2. Orientation 3. Match skills to job 4.
| Recognition 5. Support
127
Can a PAC have a booth at an
| association meeting?
PAC can have a booth at an association meeting but
| association cannot promote the booth
128
Lobbying expenditures
cost of attempting to influence legislation at the federal
and state level (but NOT LOCAL) and high-level
administrative officials. It also includes research,
preparation, planning and coordination to support
attempts to influence legislation.
129
Strategic Planning
creates the association’s future. Includes developing a
vision and identifying what the assn needs to do today to
achieve the vision
130
Certification
| standards/credentialing
is a process whereby individuals who meet an objective
standard of competency receive recognition by
designation and/or certificate. Credentialing often
requires an individual to requalify for the credential
over a period of years.
131
Message framing
Identifies the key and secondary messages that will best
| motivate target audiences to take the desired actions
132
Horizontal financial analysis
Compare similar figures from several years’ financial
| statements.
133
Integrated chapter
Comes under the corporate entity of a national organization
134
Statement of Cash Flows
• A required report in an audit. • Shows where
organization received and spent its cash — flow of cash.
• Adjusts for revenue recognized, but not received. •
Adjusts for expenses incurred, but not paid. • Adjusts for
non-cash expenses.
135
Operations and Management
credentialing, finances, GA, meetings/conventions,
customer service and dues, office admin., personnel,
publications, services)
136
Net Assets
Financial net worth, net equity or reserves. Assets –
| Liabilities = Net Assets
137
Trade associations
501(c)(6)organization; composed of individuals or firms
concerned with a single product or service or those
concerned with a number of related products or services
138
The Federal Trade Commission Act
established the FTC, giving it responsibility for the
prevention "for unfair methods of competition in or
affecting commerce"
139
Globalization - Going
| International
a. Usually means going to two or more countries. b.
Different reasons and ways that associations go
international c. It affects all the functional areas in an
organization
140
Governmental Relations - 4 main tasks
1. Collect and disseminate information 2. Issues
management (forecast, develop strategies, put plan into
action) 3. Agree on organization's stance 4. Undertake
advocacy efforts
141
Developing a Crisis Communications Plan
•Name a team leader a team leader •Establish
communication procedures and Prepare a notification
list •Train the crisis team •Draft alternative scenarios and
establish a media command center
142
Assets
What an association owns; e.g. cash on hand, accounts
receivable, product inventory (educational publications
and program materials), equipment, furniture, real
estate, and investments
143
Incremental Budgeting
Percentage increase or decrease will be added to stable
| programs; e.g. salary budgets.
144
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
1. Survival 2. Safety 3. Affiliation 4. Self-esteem (esteem
| of others) 5. Self-actualization
145
Marketing 4 Ps
Product, Price, Promotion, and Place
146
Articles of Incorporation
An agreement between the state that grants incorporated
| status and the association that holds that status
147
Types of Association Budgets
```
Functional expense (broad function – government
relations, PR, etc.) • Natural expense (type e.g. salaries,
rent, etc.) • Program expense (by program issue)
```
148
STRTEGIC EVALUATION AND FEEDBACK
Feedback must be prompt and unbiased. Evaluation of results, not activities
149
Mergers and Consolidations
mergers (combining one entity into another, with the
latter surviving as an entity) and consolidation
(combining two entities together to create a new, separate entity)
150
Excess Readership Costs:
Readership cost exceed circulation income. Circulation
Income – Readership Cost = Loss (Tip: Subscription
Income – Readership Cost = Loss)
151
Special Interest Groups
– a group or section formed to address specific interests
such as evolving technology in a trade association or a
new specialty within a professional society
152
Prices and Fees of Members
• Antitrust violations re prices & fees are treble damages • Written communications or discussions before, during or after a meeting are risky • Price or fee reporting programs are not themselves illegal if appropriate guidelines are strictly followed
153
Probability sample
everyone has known probability of being included
154
Membership plan:
1. Target audiences 2. Content 3. Vehicle 4. Logistics 5.
| Testing
155
Noerr-Pennington Doctrine
Antitrust exemption for joint approaches to government
| best for members, but not good for competitors
156
Proxy tax
an association may choose to pay a 35% tax on their
| lobbying expenditures and avoid charging members.
157
Simple random sample
each person has an equal chance of being selected
158
Unearned Revenues
Also deferred revenue. A liability, payments received in
advance for goods or services to be provided in the future
(e.g. dues received at the end of the current year for the
following year).
159
The Crisis (Crisis Management)
1. Assemble all facts 2. Determine which members are
affected 3. Determine which publics are affected 4.
National, regional, local in scope 5. What other
associations, etc. are involved? 6. Could they be allies? 7.
Access plan 8. Respond professionally
160
Annual fund vs Capital Fund
• Annual fund – current needs • Capital fund – specific
| purpose (new building)
161
Public Relation Do's
1. Accept all media inquiries & Be proactive in
contacting press 2. Issue statement in writing and monitor coverage -correct errors immediately •Express
compassion or sympathy for victims - • Admit when
information is not known & commit to finding out
162
Capital Budget
Plan for long-term expenditures–land, building, capital
equipment. • Feeds into the operating budgeting in
determining depreciation; maintenance expense, and the
interest expense for the asset. • Also effects cash budget
and anticipates flow of cash.
163
Employment at will (HR)
Employment may be terminated at any time by employer
| or employee without notice.
164
Managing and evaluation
| vendors/suppliers
1. Goals and benchmarks 2. Regular intervals of
| evaluations 3. SMART 4. Conflicts of Interest
165
Public Policy
media relations, crisis management
166
Two major considerations for
| education delivery methods
content and process
167
Statement of Purpose
The most important statement of the purposes of the
| association is that given in the articles of incorporation
168
Ensure the accuracy of a budget
| by...(finance)
1. Forecasting sales 2. Performing accurate market
analysis 3. Ensuring adequate pricing policies 4.
Measuring actual performance against budget
169
UBIT Income and Losses
1. Overall profitability is NOT a factor in determining
UBIT. 2. An activity can have both exempt and nonexempt activities and income. 3. Keep them separate to avoid UBIT (e.g. paid advertising & subscriptions). Have separate contracts for each activity.
170
Marketing
One-way communications process motivating publics to
| purchase goods, services, or ideas.
171
Zero-Based Budgeting
Assumes every project starts with no income and no
| expenses; computes all detail
172
Depreciation Policy
• Determines the number of years over which the cost of
an asset will be expensed; diminishing value of asset. •
Depreciation is an operating expense and does not use
cash
173
CSE Role vs. CEO Role
CSE directs an association’s staff and operations, with
feedback from volunteers. - Elected or appointed leaders
set direction and establish policies, with input from and
advice of staff.
174
Are PACs required to
| incorporate?
PACs are not required to incorporate
175
Accreditation
refers to a process of standards setting and compliance
measurement for systems, organizations, or institutions.
Both processes have implications for exposure to antitrust liability.
176
Attitude
Is a mental position about an issue
177
definition of Knowledge Management
the practice of harnessing and exploiting intellectual
capital to gain competitive advantage and customer
commitment through efficiency, innovation and faster
and more effective decision-making
178
Licensure (standards/credentialing)
programs are administered by government agencies
179
To build a coalition
1. Redefine core issues in new terms 2. Create an
immediate focus 3. Build from the bottom up 4. Maintain
visibility 5. Never stop organizing 6. Stay focused
180
Prepaid expense
An asset, an amount the association has paid currently
for an item or service which will be used in the future
(e.g. prepaid insurance, prepaid rent)
181
MEMBERSHIP
Is a cycle: information collection and analysis to
planning, from planning to implementation, from
implementation to evaluation, and back to analysis
182
Price Fixing (continued)
Can not agree not to raise prices Consensus pricing =
price fixing Cannot set minimum fees, maximum fee schedule, relative value scales discourage advertising of
professional services, or discourage competitive bidding
183
Facilities (emergencies)
1. Natural element 2. Civil disorder 3. Structural 4.
| Utility
184
Developing a PR Plan:
1. Research 2. Plan 3. Implement 4. Evaluate
185
Considerations before combining
operations
(merger/consolidation)
1. Personal legal risk potential to governing members 2.
Knowledge of state law requirements to detail certain
procedures 3. Impact of other areas of law: trademark,
labor, tax, etc
186
Family and Medical Leave Act
| 50 or more
Up to 12 weeks unpaid leave for: serious health
condition, care for family member with a serious health
condition, birth of a child, placement of a child for
adoption or foster care Restore employment to same
position
187
Benefits of combining operations
| merger/consolidation
1. Efficiency and effectiveness as one 2. Can focus
| member dues and volunteer service toward one entity
188
MEMBERSHIP TERMINATION
Nonpayment of dues – okay Must provide due process –
provide opportunity to present case to committee or
board that oversees expulsions and must be able to
appeal to Board of Directors If Committee decides,
should have opportunity to appeal to Board
189
Internal Environment
the association's leadership, members, management, and staff
190
Meeting Evaluation
1. Summative focuses on program’s overall effectiveness
2. Formative deals with program improvements (possibly
during event itself)
191
Customer Relationship Management
creating and communicating a single “version of truth”
through the various channels – membership, marketing,
advocacy, plus housing knowledge, data and information
about an association’s members - not about software
192
Return on Equity Ratio (ROE)
= Net Profit / Equity $50,000 / $300,000 = 16.7% •
Represents the return on business investment. • Typically
uses a 12-month period
193
Key Financial Indicators
• # of new members. • % of retained members. • # of
new business starts. • # of members participating in
programs. • # of accounts.
194
Financial Projections
• Presented in “pro forma” statement. • Not guarantee of performance; financial assumptions; generally speculative. • Best Practice: Base on credible and conservative assumptions
