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calc Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

market share

A

(sales of a business / total sales in the market) x 100

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2
Q

PED

A

% change in quantity demanded / % change in price

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3
Q

% change

A

((new value - old value) / old value) x 100 / (change / old value) x 100

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4
Q

YED

A

% change in quantity demanded / % change in income

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5
Q

net cash flow

A

cash inflow - cash outflow

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6
Q

closing balance

A

opening balance + net cash flow

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7
Q

opening balance

A

previous months closing balance

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8
Q

sales revenue

A

selling price x number of units sold

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9
Q

total cost

A

total fixed costs + total variable costs

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10
Q

total variable costs

A

variable costs per unit x quantity

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11
Q

average total costs / unit costs

A

total cost / quantity

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12
Q

variable costs per unit

A

total variable costs / quantity

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13
Q

contribution

A

selling price per unit - variable cost per unit

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14
Q

break-even point

A

fixed costs / contribution

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15
Q

margin of safety

A

actual level of output - break-even level of output

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16
Q

profit

A

revenue - total costs

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17
Q

revenue

A

selling price x quantity sold

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18
Q

gross profit

A

revenue - cost of sales

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19
Q

operating profit

A

gross profit - operating expenses

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20
Q

net profit

A

operating profit - (net interest+exceptional costs)

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21
Q

profit for the year

A

operating profit - (interest+exceptional costs)

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22
Q

profit for the year after tax

A

profit for the year - tax

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23
Q

gross profit margin

A

(gross profit / revenue) x 100

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24
Q

operating profit margin

A

(operating profit / revenue) x 100

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25
net profit margin
(profit for the year / revenue) x 100
26
current ratio
current assets / current liabilities
27
acid test
((current assets - inventory) / current liabilities
28
working capital
current assets - current liabilities
29
total investment/equity
share capital + retained profit
30
labour productivity
output / number of workers
31
capital productivity
output / number of machines
32
average cost per unit
total costs / number of units
33
capacity utilisation
(current output / maximum possible output) x 100
34
payback period
initial outlay / net cash flow per period
35
average rate of return
(average annual return / initial outlay) x 100
36
net present value
cash flow x discount factor (then ass together all values)
37
total float
latest finish time - duration of activity - earliest start time
38
net assets
assets - liabilities
39
capital employed
net assets / total equity + non-current liabilities
40
gearing ratio
(non-current liabilities / capital employed) x 100
41
ROCE
(operating profit / capital employed) x 100
42
labour turnover
(number of staff leaving / average number of staff) x 100
43
labour retention
(number of staff remaining / average number of staff) x 100
44
absenteeism rate
(number of staff absent / number of staff employed) x 100
45
porter (1)
theory of competitive advantage - low cost producer (lost cost-low prices) - mid market - high differentiation (usp-high quality)
46
taylor
scientific management - piece rate pay - condensing more complex tasks into simple ones
47
mayo
human relations theory - social factors
48
maslow
hierarchy of needs - physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualisation
49
herzberg
two factor theory - hygiene + motivator factors
50
market mapping
high quality - low quality high price - low price
51
demand
down right - increase left - decrease
52
supply
up right - increase left - descrease
53
supply falls if
company wants to supply less
54
demand falls if
price for consumer rises
55
price elastic and inelastic
e: >1 ie: 0-1
56
marketing mix
place product promotion price
57
design mix
aesthetics function economic cost
58
pricing strategies
cost plus penetration competitive price skimming psychological predatory
59
distribution 4 stage
producer wholesaler retailer consumer
60
distribution 3 stage
producer retailer consumer
61
distribution 2 stage
producer consumer
62
product life cycle
development (no income) introduction (more outcome) growth (income) maturity (peak of income) declinen (less income)
63
boston matrix
star cash cow dog problem child (market share vs market growth)
64
leadership styles
paternalistic democratic laissez faire autocratic
65
glocalisation styles
geocentric ethnocentric polycentric
66
internal finance
own funds retained profit sale of assets
67
external finance sources
banks peer to peer crowdfunding business angels family and friends other businesses
68
external finance forms
loan capital (bank loan/overdrafts) share capital venture capital leasing trade credit grants
69
methods of production
job (different) cell (one task pp) batch (all same) flow (one after another)
70
quality management
quality control - after quality assurance - during total quality management - interlinked in business kaizen - continuous improvement
71
swot analysis
strength weakness opportunity threats
72
PESTLE
political economic social technological legal environmental
73
porter (2)
five forces - industry rivalry - threat of new entrants - buyer power - supplier power - threat of substitution
74
ansoff's matrix
existing market existing product - market penetration (least risky) existing market new product - product development (third less risky) new market existing product - market development (second most risky) new market new product - diversification (riskiest)
75
porter (3)
generic strategies - low cost mass market: low cost - low cost niche market: focused low cost - high differentiation mass market: differentiation - high differentiation niche market: focused differentiation
76
other manufacturer to anything
forwards horizontal integration
77
anything to other manufacturer
backwards horizontal integration
78
retailer to manufacturer to producer
backwards vertical integration
79
producer to manufacturer to retailer
vertical integration
80
correlations
up - p down - n random - no
81
corporate culture
Handy - power: leaders have power - role: have roles - task: teams - person: go for individual
82
factors affecting change
organisational culture organisation size pace of change resistance to change
83
scenario planning
risk assessment risk mitigation business continuity succession planning

business calcs (1 decks)

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