Calcaneus

Question 1

Dimensions of Calcaneus

Answer 1

Strongest bone
Rectangular
Elongated anterior-posterior
Width = height = 50% of Length

Question 2

Shape of Dorsal surface

Answer 2

concave front to back

Convex side to side

Question 3

Facets of anterior third of dorsal calcaneal surface

Answer 3

Anterior facet - lies close to middle facet (often joined)
Middle facet - supported by sustentaculum tali
Articulate with talus

Question 4

Calcaneal sulcus

Answer 4

Deep depression on anterior third of dorsal calcaneus between middle/posterior facet (middle third)
Combines with deep groove of plantar surface of talus to form tarsal sinus and tarsal canal

Question 5

Tarsal canal

Answer 5

medial to tarsal sinus

Directed anterolateral and continuous with tarsal sinus

Question 6

Which ligament lies within tarsal canal

Answer 6

Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

Question 7

Tarsal sinus location

Answer 7

lies at lateral end of tarsal canal

Question 8

Ligaments attached to tarsal sinus (7)

Answer 8

Extensor digitorum brevis
Inferior extensor retinaculum
Inferior peroneal retinaculum
cervical ligament
bifurcate ligament
dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament
lateral calcaneocuboid ligament

Question 9

Middle third of dorsal calcaneal surface

Answer 9

contains posterior articular facet

Question 10

Posterior articular facet

Answer 10

oval shaped

Largest of 3 facets

Question 11

Posterior third of dorsal calcaneal surface

Answer 11

smooth nonarticular area with numerous vascular foramina

Question 12

Ligaments attaching to posterior third of dorsal calcaneal surface (2)

Answer 12

Posterior talocalcaneal ligament

Fibulocalcaneal ligament

Question 13

Plantar calcaneal surface

Answer 13

Convex from side to side
Wider posteriorly (triangular)

Question 14

Calcaneal tuberosity

Answer 14

Posterior limit of plantar surface
Depressed in middle
Prolonged into lateral and medial process on each side

Question 15

Lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity attachments (4)

Posterolateral calcaneal tuberosity

Answer 15

Abductor digiti quinti
Lateral head of quadratus plantae
Long plantar ligament
Plantar aponeurosis

Question 16

Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity attachments (7)

posteromedial calcaneal tuberosity

Answer 16

Broader and larger 
Abductor hallucis 
Medial head of quadratus plantae
Long plantar ligament
Plantar aponeurosis
Flexor retinaculum
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti quinti

Question 17

Middle depression attachments (2)

Answer 17

Long plantar ligament

Abductor digiti quinti

Question 18

Anterior calcaneal tuberosity

Answer 18

located near anterior border of plantar calcaneus

Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament (short plantar) attaches here

Question 19

Anterior calcaneal surface

Answer 19

Smallest surface

Contains triangular facet for cuboid

Question 20

Triangular facet of anterior calcaneus

Answer 20

Articulates with cuboid
Convex transversely
Concave vertically
Saddle shaped

Question 21

What attaches to medial margin of triangular facet of anterior calcaneus

Answer 21

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring)

Question 22

Posterior calcaneal surface

Answer 22

forms prominence of heel

contains three areas separated by superior and inferior horizontal lines

Question 23

Superior posterior calcaneal surface

Answer 23

smooth

covered by bursa lying deep to tendo calcaneus

Question 24

Middle posterior calcaneal surface

Answer 24

Contains rough area for attachment of tendo calcaneus and plantaris (plantaris attaches medially or they attach together)

Question 25

Inferior posterior calcaneal surface

Answer 25

rough | covered by fatty fibrous tissue

Question 26

Lateral calcaneal surface

Answer 26

broader posteriorly than anteriorly most vulnerable surface Contains 1-3 tubercles: retrotrochlea eminence, peroneal trochlea, 3rd tubercle

Question 27

Retrotrochlear eminence

Answer 27

most constant feature Located in middle 1/3 of lateral surface lies directly behind peroneal trochlea Due to bony trabeculae within calcaneus that fan out from articular surface

Question 28

Peroneal trochlea

Answer 28

ridge of bone formed by groove for tendon of peroneus longus present 33% of time Lies anterior to retrotrochlear eminence Groove for tendon of peroneus longus lies inferior and posterior Rarely: second groove located superior and anterior to peroneal trochlea formed by peroneus brevis

Question 29

What attaches to peroneal trochlea

Answer 29

deep fibers of inferior peroneal retinaculum

Question 30

Third tubercle of lateral calcaneus

Answer 30

Located posterior and superior to retrotrochlear eminence

Question 31

Ligaments associated with third tubercle

Answer 31

calcaneofibular ligament attaches when tubercle is present | lateral talocalcaneal ligament attaches just anterior and superior to calcaneofibular ligament (partially overlies LTCL)

Question 32

Medial calcaneal surface

Answer 32

deeply concave | contains plantar nerves and vessels within hollow

Question 33

Attachments to medial calcaneal surface

Answer 33

Medial head of quadratus plantae is more extensive here than on medial process of plantar surface

Question 34

Sustentaculum tali

Answer 34

shelf-like projection from medial surface superiorly - articulates with talus Inferiorly - grooved by tendon of flexor hallucis longus

Question 35

Structures attached to sustentaculum tali (4)

Answer 35

tibiocalcaneal ligament (part of deltoid) medial talocalcaneal ligament recurrent band of tibialis posterior (partial) plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament