CALCIUM

Question 1

Calcium normal values

Answer 1

4.5 - 5.5mEq/L or 8.6-10 mg/dl

Question 2

Positively charged ion found in both ECF and ICF

Answer 2

Calcium

Question 3

Approximately______of this electrolyte in the body is bound
to__________ to form the minerals in ____________

Answer 3

99%, phosphorus, bones and teeth

Question 4

The remaining 1% is in _______ (ECF) and in __________

Answer 4

Serum (ECF), sof-tissues

Question 5

If calcium increases phosphorus_________

Answer 5

Decreases

Question 6

If calcium decreases phosphorus __________

Answer 6

Increases

Question 7

Calcium + protein =

Answer 7

Hypocalcemia

Question 8

What are the 2 pro-calcium

Answer 8

Parathormone & vitamin D

Question 9

Secreted by the parathyroid gland

Answer 9

Parathormone

Question 10

When serum calcium falls, parathyroid gland ________________

Answer 10

Increases PTH secretion

Question 11

When serum calcium increases, _________________

Answer 11

PTH is suppressed

Question 12

It is activated by liver then by kidney and it promotes liver then by kidney

Answer 12

Vitamin D

Question 13

What are the 2 anti - calcium

Answer 13

Calcitonin
Phosphorus

Question 14

It is secreted by the thyroid gland, it antagonizes PTH it promotes calcium excretion and it inhibits bine resorption

Answer 14

Calcitonin

Question 15

It inhibits calcium absorption and it has inverse relationship with calcium

Answer 15

Phosphorus

Question 16

For adults, the recommended daily requirement
is _________

Answer 16

800 - 1200 mg/day

Question 17

Dairy products that are rich in phosphorus are

Answer 17

Yogurt, cheese, milk

Question 18

Other foods that are rich in phosphorus

Answer 18

Green leafy vegetables
Legumes
Nuts
Whole grains

Question 19

Causes of hypercalcemia are

Answer 19

HALA

Hypoparathyroidism
Alcoholism
Low calcium diet
Alkalosis

Question 20

Calcium is necessary for ___________

Answer 20

Cell wall integrity

Question 21

Manifestation of hypocalcemia

Answer 21

Convulsion
Chvostek’s sign
Convulsion
Disorientation
Diarrhea
Increased deep tendon reflex
Paresthesia
Tremors
Tetany
Trousseaus sign

Question 22

Management for hypocalcemia

Answer 22

Aluminum hydroxide/Amphogel
Calcium gluconate 10% IV
Eat high fiber diet
High fluid intake
High calcium diet
Oral calcium salts
Vitamin d supplements

Question 23

Calcium acetate, calcium gluconate must be administered _________ hours after meals and at________

Answer 23

1.5 -2, bed time

Question 24

DOC for acute hypocalcemia

Answer 24

Calcium gluconate 10% IV

Question 25

Calcium gluconate must nit be given if IV out because if it goes subcutaneously, it will burn the SQ tissues which will lead to_________

Answer 25

Necrosis

Question 26

Do not administer _________ if there is a risk of leakage into tissues

Answer 26

Calcium

Question 27

Dilute calcium salts with ________

Answer 27

D5W (IVF)

Question 28

Calcium salt must not administer with ____________ because it promotes calcium excretion

Answer 28

Sodium chloride

Question 29

IV calcium salts management

Answer 29

Place patient on cardiac monitor Provide a quiet environment Keep resuscitation bagat bedside Take precautions for seizure Reorient a confused patient

Question 30

Causes of hypercalcemia

Answer 30

High calcium diet Hyperparathyroidism (most common cause)

Question 31

Clinical manifestation of hypercalcemia that are same as hypokalemia

Answer 31

Anorexia Constipation Decreased bowel sound Fatigue Muscle weakness Nausea and vomiting Paralytic ileus

Question 32

Normal bowel sounds in 1 minute

Answer 32

5-30

Question 33

Management for hypercalcemia

Answer 33

Increased fluid intake 3-4 L/day Provide acid-ash diet Protect client from injury Administer IV fluids – PNSS/ 0.9 NaCL Mithracin (Mithramycin)

Question 34

Example of acid- ash diet

Answer 34

fruit juices and vitamin C (cranberry juice and prune juice)

Question 35

Drugs that reduce serum calcium levels

Answer 35

Mithracin (mithramycin)