Calcium

Question 1

mineral represent 4-5% of the body weight what is the break down

Answer 1

50% calcium, 25% phosphorus, 14 % remaining

Question 2

mineral represent 4-5% of the body weight what is the break down

Answer 2

50% calcium, 25% phosphorus, 14 % remaining

Question 3

minerals are absorbed in what state? except?

Answer 3

in ionic state, except heme iron it absorbed as part of heme complex

Question 4

metals =

Answer 4

minerals with positive charge

Question 5

nonmetals=

Answer 5

minerals with negative charge

Question 6

amount of major minerals a day

Answer 6

> 100 mg/day

Question 7

trace minerals per day

Answer 7

1-100mg/day

Question 8

ultratrace

Question 9

what are the major minerals

Answer 9

Ca, Cl, Mg, P, K, Na, S

Question 10

what are the trace minerals

Answer 10

Fe, Zinc, Cu, F

Question 11

ultratrace minerals

Answer 11

I, Se, Mn, Mo, Cr, As, B, Ni, Si

Question 12

what is the most abundant divalent cation in the body

Answer 12

Calcium

Question 13

what is the most comm form of calcium in supplements and fortified foods? what does it require to digest

Answer 13

Calcium carbonate, atleast 1 hour in an acidic enviromnet

Question 14

what two types of calcium dont require an acid environment to digest

Answer 14

calcium citrate, calcium lactate

Question 15

calcium is absorbed by what two methods?

Answer 15

active transport in SI using calbindin 9k

passive diffusi

Question 16

minerals are absorbed in what state? except?

Answer 16

in ionic state, except heme iron it absorbed as part of heme complex

Question 17

metals =

Answer 17

minerals with positive charge

Question 18

nonmetals=

Answer 18

minerals with negative charge

Question 19

amount of major minerals a day

Answer 19

> 100 mg/day

Question 20

trace minerals per day

Answer 20

1-100mg/day

Question 21

ultratrace

Question 22

what are the major minerals

Answer 22

Ca, Cl, Mg, P, K, Na, S

Question 23

what are the trace minerals

Answer 23

Fe, Zinc, Cu, F

Question 24

ultratrace minerals

Answer 24

I, Se, Mn, Mo, Cr, As, B, Ni, Si

Question 25

what is the most abundant divalent cation in the body

Answer 25

Calcium

Question 26

what is the most comm form of calcium in supplements and fortified foods? what does it require to digest

Answer 26

Calcium carbonate, atleast 1 hour in an acidic enviromnet

Question 27

what two types of calcium dont require an acid environment to digest

Answer 27

calcium citrate, calcium lactate

Question 28

calcium is absorbed by what two methods?

Answer 28

active transport in SI using calbindin 9k (requires vit D) | passive diffusion in Si when calbindin 9k is saturated does not require vitamin D

Question 29

with active and passive calcium absorption how much calcium can be absorbed?

Answer 29

500mg

Question 30

when blood calcium is low what takes place to bring it up

Answer 30

1. parathyroid hormone is secreted to induce hydroxylase in the kidney,2. hydroxylase activates calcitriol(vitamin D), 3. calcitriol stimulates synthesis of calcium-binding proteins 4. calcium binding proteins increase calcium absorption in SI (calbindin 9k) and decrease calcium excretion in kidneys (calbindin 28k)

Question 31

what enhances ca absorption?

Answer 31

vitamin D, sugars, proteins

Question 32

what increases Ca excretion

Answer 32

Na, protein, caffeine

Question 33

what decrease Ca excretion

Answer 33

estrogen, potassium, phosphorus

Question 34

what inhibits Ca absorption

Answer 34

Fiber, phytate, oxalate, divalent minerals (Zn, Mg, Cu), fatty acids

Question 35

typical adult absorbs what percent of Ca

Answer 35

20-30%

Question 36

RDA of Calcium

Answer 36

adults 19-50= 1000mg | adults >50=1200mg

Question 37

Calcium sources

Answer 37

Dairy, fish, spinach, tofu, fortified grains

Question 38

calcium functions

Answer 38

bone mineralization, cell signaling

Question 39

other nutrients in bone calcification

Answer 39

vitamin A, D, K, c and B6

Question 40

Ca is found with what other minerals in osteoblast

Answer 40

phosphorus, fluoride, magnesium, potassium, strontium, sodium,

Question 41

what types of cell signaling is Ca involved in

Answer 41

muscle contraction, nerve conduction, blood clotting, enzyme regulation, membrane permeability

Question 42

calcium deficiency results in?

Answer 42

tetany, paresthesia due to hyperecitability of nerves causing spontaneous discharge

Question 43

Calcium toxicity causes? what is the tolerable upper limit of Ca

Answer 43

fatigue, hallucinations, constipation, kidney stones, calcium deposits in soft tissue TUI= 2500mg a day can also occur with 2000mg a day and vit D

Question 44

causes of calcium toxicity

Answer 44

high dairy or supplement intake, hyperparahyroidism, bone cancer, sacoidosis, turberculosis

Question 45

which form is Ca absorbed in

Answer 45

calcium ion

Question 46

what stimulates parathyroid hormone secretion (PTH)

Answer 46

low serum calcium

Question 47

where is calbindin 28k located in vivo

Answer 47

kidneys

Question 48

what is a clinical indicator of a calcium deficiency

Answer 48

tetany

Question 49

what can blood calcium levels be used to diagnose

Answer 49

calcium toxicity