Calcium

Question 1

Calcium is bound or unbound more

Answer 1

60% unbound in the blood, aka unfilterable

50% ionized CA

Question 2

Only ________ Ca is biologically active

Answer 2

Ionized

Question 3

What is hypocalcemia

Answer 3

Decreased plasma CA

Spontaneous twitching

Question 4

What is the Chvostek sign

Answer 4

Twitching of the facial muscles elicited by tapping on the CN VII

Associated with hypocalcemia

Question 5

What is the Trousseau sign

Answer 5

Carpopedal spasm after inflation of a sphygmomanometer

Sign of Hypocalcemia

Question 6

Hypercalcemia is

Answer 6

Increased CA in plasma

Lethargy, coma death

Question 7

Alkalemia causes

Answer 7

Hypocalcemia increases CA bound to albumin

Question 8

What increases ionized Ca

Answer 8

Acidosis

Alkalosis- decreases Ca

Question 9

What three organs associated with calcium

Answer 9

Bone
Kidney
Intestine

Question 10

What does PTH do with Ca

Answer 10

Decrease plasma

Question 11

What synthesize and secrete PTH

Answer 11

Chief cells

Question 12

What causes 2 hyperparathryoidism

Answer 12

Chronic hypocalcemia

Question 13

Hypermagnesia does what to PTH secretion

Answer 13

Inhibits

Hypomagnesia stimulates PTH

Question 14

PTH stimulates _____ reabsorption at the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 14

Ca++

Question 15

Calcium absorption _________ via vitamin D

Answer 15

INcreases

Question 16

Where are PTH receptors located on bone

Answer 16

Osteoblasts

Question 17

Short cause of PTH on bone is

Answer 17

Increased bone formation

Long haul- bone resorption

Question 18

PTH stimulates renal 1 alpha hydroxlase which makes it into its

Answer 18

Active form of vitamin D

Question 19

Vitamin D does what to ingestion calcium

Answer 19

Increases absorption

Question 20

PTH acts ______ on the intestine via __-

Answer 20

Indirectly

1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol

Question 21

Primary hyperparathryoidism is

Answer 21

Secrete excessive amounts of PTH

MC from parathyroid adenoma

Excessive Ca++

Question 22

For secondary hyperparathryoidism plasma Ca++ levels are low never

Answer 22

HIGH why its different from primary

Causes hypocalcemia

Vit. D. Deficiency
Chronic renal failure

Question 23

Hypoparathryoidism is

Answer 23

Low levels of PTH

Hypocalcemia

Common from thyroid surgery

Treat with oral Ca++ and Vit. D

Question 24

Psuedohypoparathroidism is associated with

Answer 24

Short stature, short neck, obesity, metacarpals calcified

Aka Albright hereditary osteodystrophy

Increased PTH levels

Question 25

Hypercalcemia malignancy is different bc

Answer 25

PTH is low bc hypercalcemia suppress it, thats why its different from primary hyperparathryoidism

Question 26

Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia is

Answer 26

Autosomal dominant disorder Low urinary Ca excretion

Question 27

Calcitonin is produced by

Answer 27

C cells of the thyroid gland Increases Ca++ increases secretion Inhibits osteoclasts bone resorption

Question 28

Vitamin D increases production of _______________ which is a powerful antimicrobial peptide

Answer 28

Cathelicidin