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ENDOCRINO > Calcium and phosphorus metabolism > Flashcards

Calcium and phosphorus metabolism Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Only difference between Pi and Ca++

A

Pi is a component of the phopholipid membrane

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2
Q

% of Ca++ that is free

A

50%

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3
Q

Respiratory alkalosis causes

A

Hypocalcemia

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4
Q

Respiratory acidosis causes

A

Hypercalcemia

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5
Q

Why does respiratory acidosis cause hypercalcemia

A

Because H+ binds to albumin so Ca++ is now free

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6
Q

Ca++ free depends on

A

[H+]

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7
Q

Calciotrophic hormones

A

Vitamin D

PTH

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8
Q

Vitamin D effect on Ca++

A

Increases intestinal Ca++ absorption

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9
Q

Anabolic hormones

A

GH and sex hormones

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10
Q

PTH function

A

Parathyroid hormone controls Ca++ in blood

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11
Q

Half life of PTH

A

2 minutes

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12
Q

Increased PTH pathologies

A

Hypocalcemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Catecholamines

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13
Q

What causes PTH inhibition

A

Hypercalcemia
Vitamin D administration
Hypomagnesemia

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14
Q

Enzyme activating Vitamin D

A

1-a-Hydroxylase

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15
Q

Functions of PTH

A

Activate 1-a-hydroxylase
Decrease phosphate
Increase Ca++

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16
Q

How many times does Vitamin D get hydroxylased

A

2 times, in liver and kidney

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17
Q

Active form of Vitamin D

A

1.25 Vitamin D

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18
Q

Which Vitamin D do we measure

A

25 Vitamin D

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19
Q

Osteoblast and osteoclast function

A

Osteoblast –> bone formation

Osteoclast –> bone destruction

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20
Q

What do osteoblasts bind to in osteoclasts

A

Osteoblasts have RANKL that bind to RANK in osteoclasts

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21
Q

PTH secretion impact on RANK/RANKL process

A

PTH stimulates an increase in Ca++
Therefore when PTH is increased, there is an increase in RANKL from osteoblasts binding to RANK in osteoclasts for bone resorption

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22
Q

Inhibitor of RANK/RANKL

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A

Osteoprotegerin (OPG)

23
Q

How is OPG an inhibitor

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A

It inhibits osteoclasts differentiation and function

24
Q

Osteoclasts differentiation and bone resorption depends on

Study These Flashcards
A

RANKL of osteoblasts and OPG

25
Effect of PTH on kidney on distal convoulted tubule
Increase Ca++ reabsorption
26
Consequence of increased reabsorption of Ca++ in distal convoluted tubule
Hypercalcemia
27
Effect of PTH on proximal tubule
Decreased Pi reabsorption
28
Consequence of decreased Pi reabsorption
Phosphaturia --> increased Pi excretion
29
What does UV light activate in the process of Vit. D synthesis
Activated proVit D to cholecalciferol
30
Cholecalciferol undergoes
Double hydroxylation
31
Effects of Vit. D
Increased bone resorption and formation Increased Ca++ reabsorption in kidney Increased Ca++ absorption in intestine Decreased PTH synthesis
32
In intestine, Ca++ enters enterocytes through
TRPV6
33
Inside cell, Ca++ captured by
Calbindin
34
Ca++-Calbindin reaches bloodstream through
PMCA
35
Regulation of Vit. D synthesis through
FGF23
36
FGF23 produced by
Mature osteoblasts
37
FGF23 binds to
Klotho receptor in kdney
38
Binding of FGF23 to Klotho receptor in kidney causes
Phosphaturia --> decreased Pi reabsorption --> increased Pi excretion
39
How does FGF23 impact Vit. D synthesis
FGF decreases calcitriol (1.25 Vitamin D) synthesis by supressing 1-a-hydroxylase
40
Most rapid response to a hypocalcemia
Increase in PTH
41
What does PTH activate in hypocalcemia
C1a activation
42
C1a activation in hypocalcemia causes
Vitamin D activation (slower response than PTH)
43
Result of hypocalcemia, Ca++, PTH, FGF23
Increased Ca++ Decreased PTH Decreased FGF23
44
Main role of PTHrp
In hypercalcemia and malginant tumors
45
Function of PTHrp
Bone resorption and Ca++ reabsorption causing hypercalcemia
46
If during hypercalcemia we have normal PTH levels, then we measure
PTHrp
47
Function of calcitonin
Antiresorptive at bone level
48
What secretes calcitonin
Parafollicular cells
49
Calcitonin used in treating
Hypercalcemia
50
Increased levels of ?? during medulary thryoid cancer
Calcitonin
51
SUMMARY: PTH impact on Ca++
Increased Ca++
52
SUMMARY: Vit. D impact on Ca++ and Pi
Increased Ca++ and Pi
53
SUMMARY: Calcitonin impact on Ca++ and Pi
Decreased Ca++ and Pi
54
SUMMARY: FGF23 impact on Pi, PTH and Vit. D
Promotes Pi excretion --> phosphaturia Inhibits PTH Inhibits Vit. D synthesis

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