Calcium balance (118-131)

Question 1

Rachitis (rickets)

Answer 1

Malformation (weakness) of bones caused by the lack of vitamin-D, which leads to a decreased absorption of calcium from the gut during development.

Question 2

Osteoporosis

Answer 2

Weakening of the bones due to a loss of minerals (calcium) and organic components.

Question 3

Osteoblast

Answer 3

Bone forming progenitor cell

Question 4

Osteoclast

Answer 4

A Phagocyte digesting bone tissue what allow remodeling of the bone.

Question 5

Osteocyte

Answer 5

A bone cell. They are transformed from osteoblast, and located in small cavities within the bone tissue. They keep in contact with each other through cytoplasmic processes.

Question 6

Osteroid tissue

Answer 6

The organic part of the bone matrix. It is made up by fibers and other components. It´s mineralization finishes bone formation.

Question 7

Remodeling

Answer 7

The continuous degradation and rebuilding of the bone tissue.

Question 8

Calcification

Answer 8

(Mineralization). The osteoid tissue becomes bone tissue by the precipitation of calcium salts.

Question 9

Mineralization

Answer 9

(Calcification) The osteoid tissue becomes bone tissue by the precipitation of calcium salts.

Question 10

Ergocalciferol

Answer 10

Vitamin D2. A dietary supplement found in certain fish oils and fungi.

Question 11

Cholecalciferol

Answer 11

Vitamin D3 (hormone). It is synthesized in the skin upon UV irradiation.

Question 12

Calcitriol

Answer 12

A hormone prepared from D2 and D3. It increases calcium absorption in the gut and calcium mobilization in the bone, which increases the calcium level in the blood.

Question 13

Parathormon

Answer 13

A hormone that increases calcium reabsorption in the kidneys and calcium mobilization in the bone, thus increasing the calcium level in the blood.

Question 14

Calcitonin

Answer 14

A hormone produced by C-cells in the thyroid gland which inhibits osteoclast activity, this decreases calcium levels in the blood.