Calcium, Vit. D And Phosphate

Question 1

What is the primary function of calcium in the human body?

Answer 1

Calcium is essential for muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and blood coagulation.

Question 2

What role does phosphate play in the body?

Answer 2

Phosphate is crucial for energy production, bone mineralization, and cellular function.

Question 3

True or False: Calcium and phosphate levels are regulated independently in the body.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood calcium levels?

Answer 4

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 5

Fill in the blank: The primary organ responsible for calcium and phosphate homeostasis is the __________.

Answer 5

kidney

Question 6

What effect does calcitonin have on calcium levels?

Answer 6

Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels.

Question 7

True or False: Vitamin D is necessary for proper calcium absorption in the intestines.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is the normal range of serum calcium levels in adults?

Answer 8

8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL

Question 9

What condition is characterized by low levels of calcium in the blood?

Answer 9

Hypocalcemia

Question 10

What condition is characterized by high levels of phosphate in the blood?

Answer 10

Hyperphosphatemia

Question 11

Which gland produces parathyroid hormone?

Answer 11

Parathyroid glands

Question 12

What is the role of the kidneys in calcium and phosphate homeostasis?

Answer 12

The kidneys filter blood and reabsorb calcium and phosphate as needed.

Question 13

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a source of dietary calcium? A) Dairy products B) Leafy greens C) Red meat D) Fortified foods

Answer 13

C) Red meat

Question 14

What is the relationship between calcium and phosphate in the body?

Answer 14

Calcium and phosphate levels are inversely related; as one increases, the other often decreases.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: The hormone that promotes phosphate excretion in the urine is __________.

Answer 15

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)

Question 16

True or False: Osteoporosis is primarily a disease of calcium deficiency.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

What role does parathyroid hormone play in bone health?

Answer 17

PTH stimulates the release of calcium from bones into the bloodstream.

Question 18

What is the process by which bones release calcium into the bloodstream called?

Answer 18

Bone resorption

Question 19

What vitamin is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight and is crucial for calcium homeostasis?

Answer 19

Vitamin D

Question 20

What is the effect of hyperparathyroidism on calcium levels?

Answer 20

It causes elevated blood calcium levels.

Question 21

Multiple Choice: Which of the following can lead to hypoparathyroidism? A) Autoimmune disease B) Kidney failure C) Vitamin D toxicity D) All of the above

Answer 21

A) Autoimmune disease

Question 22

What is the role of calcium-sensing receptors in the body?

Answer 22

They help regulate the release of parathyroid hormone based on blood calcium levels.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The condition characterized by high calcium levels in the blood is known as __________.

Answer 23

Hypercalcemia

Question 24

What dietary mineral competes with calcium for absorption in the intestines?

Answer 24

Magnesium

Question 25

True or False: Phosphate is primarily stored in the bones.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What is the effect of renal failure on phosphate levels?

Answer 26

It often leads to hyperphosphatemia due to decreased excretion.