CALCULATION OF DOSES: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

Question 1

it is the quantitative amount
administered or taken by a
patient for the intended
medicinal effect

Answer 1

Dose

Question 2

The amount taken at one time.

Answer 2

Single Dose

Question 3

The amount taken during the
course of therapy

Answer 3

Daily Dose/Total Dose

Question 4

The schedule of dosing.

Answer 4

Dosage Regimen

Question 5

The amount that ordinarily
produces the medicinal effect
intended in the adult patient

Answer 5

Usual Adult Dose

Question 6

Is similarly defined for the infant or
child patient

Answer 6

Usual Pediatric Dose

Question 7

The quantitative amounts of the
a drug that may be prescribed within the guidelines of usual medical practice.

Answer 7

Usual Dosage Range

Question 8

The amount that produces the desired
intensity of effect in 50% of the
individuals tested.

Answer 8

Median Effective Dose

Question 9

The amount that produces toxic effects
in 50% of the individuals tested.

Answer 9

Median Toxic Dose

Question 10

a larger-than usual initial dose may be
required to achieve the desired
blood drug level

Answer 10

Loading Dose

Question 11

The minimum concentration to
produce the drug’s desired effects
in a patient.

Answer 11

Median Effective Concentration (MEC)

Question 12

The concentration that produces
dose-related toxic effects.

Answer 12

Minimum Toxic Concentration (MTC)

Question 13

Referred to as the Primary
Drug Treatment

Answer 13

Monotherapy

Question 14

Additional to or supportive of a
different primary treatment.

Answer 14

Adjunctive Therapy

Question 15

Administered to protect the patient
from contracting a specific
disease. (Ex. Vaccines)

Answer 15

Prophylactic Doses

Question 16

Examples of Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Answer 16

solvents, vehicles, preservatives,
stabilizers, solubilizers, binders, fillers, disintegrants, flavorants, colorants,

Question 17

contain pharmaceutical ingredients, which
provide the physical features, stability requirements, and
aesthetic characteristics desired for optimal therapeutic effects.

Answer 17

Dosage forms

Question 18

Mouth

Answer 18

Oral

Question 19

Under the tongue

Answer 19

Sublingual

Question 20

Parenteral: Vein

Answer 20

Intravenous

Question 21

Parenteral: Artery

Answer 21

Intra-arterial

Question 22

Parenteral: Heart

Answer 22

Intercardiac

Question 23

Parenteral: Spine

Answer 23

Intraspinal/ Intrathecal

Question 24

Parenteral: Bone

Answer 24

Intraosseous

Question 25

Parenteral: Joint

Answer 25

Intra-articular

Question 26

Parenteral: Joint Fluid

Answer 26

Intrasynovial

Question 27

Parenteral: Skin

Answer 27

Intracutaneous/ Intradermal/ Subcutaneously

Question 28

Parenteral: Muscle

Answer 28

Intramuscular

Question 29

Parenteral: Skin surface

Answer 29

Epicutaneous

Question 30

Eye conjunctiva

Answer 30

Conjunctival

Question 31

Eye

Answer 31

intraocular

Question 32

Nose

Answer 32

Intranasal

Question 33

Ear

Answer 33

aural

Question 34

Lung

Answer 34

Intrarespiratory

Question 35

Rectum

Answer 35

Rectal

Question 36

Vagina

Answer 36

Vaginal

Question 37

Urethra

Answer 37

Urethral

Question 38

Mouth drug forms

Answer 38

Tablets, capsules, oral solutions, drops, syrups, elixirs, suspensions, magmas, gels, powder, troches, and lozenges

Question 39

Sublingual dosage forms

Answer 39

Tablets

Question 40

Parenteral dosage forms

Answer 40

Solution, suspensions

Question 41

Skin surface dosage forms

Answer 41

ointments, creams, pastes, plasters, powders, aerosol, lotions, transdermal patches, solutions (topical)

Question 42

Eye conjuctiva dosage form

Answer 42

ointments

Question 43

Eye dosage forms

Answer 43

Solution, suspensions

Question 44

Nose dosage forms

Answer 44

Solutions, ointments

Question 45

Ear dosage form

Answer 45

Solutions and suspensions

Question 46

Lung dosage form

Answer 46

Solutions (aerosol)

Question 47

Rectum dosage forms

Answer 47

Solutions, ointments, suppositories

Question 48

Vagina dosage form

Answer 48

solutions, ointments, emulsion foams, gels, tablets/inserts

Question 49

Urethra

Answer 49

Solutions and suppositories

Question 50

1 teaspoonful (tsp)

Answer 50

5 ml

Question 51

1 tablespoonful (tbsp)

Answer 51

15 ml

Question 52

20 drops (gtt)

Answer 52

1 ml

Question 53

General Dose Calculations

Answer 53

Number of Doses Size of Dose Total Quantity

Question 54

Dosing Options

Answer 54

LOW-DOSE THERAPY HIGH-DOSE THERAPY

Question 55

The administration of doses that are much smaller than the usual dose of a drug

Answer 55

LOW-DOSE THERAPY

Question 56

The administration of doses that are much larger than the usual dose of a drug

Answer 56

HIGH-DOSE THERAPY

Question 57

Products containing two or more therapeutic agents in fixed-dose combinations

Answer 57

Fixed-Dose Combination Products

Question 58

Advantages of Fixed-Dose Combination Products

Answer 58

Two or more needed drugs may be taken in a single dose, which may be more convenient, enhance compliance, and be less expensive for the patient than taking the same drugs individually.

Question 59

Disadvantages of Fixed-Dose Combination Products

Answer 59

Relative inflexibility in dosing compared with individual drug dosing

Question 60

Tablet Splitting and Crushing: A number of tablets are ________________ to allow breaking into approximately equal pieces (usually halves)

Answer 60

scored or grooved

Question 61

This allows dosage flexibility, particularly when a patient is started at a half dose and then is titrated up to a full dosage level.

Answer 61

Tablet Splitting and Crushing

Question 62

It also enables a patient to take a product at a strength that is not otherwise available.

Answer 62

Tablet Splitting and Crushing

Question 63

Other term for loading dose

Answer 63

Priming dose

Question 64

What does pharmaceutical ingredients provide

Answer 64

Physical feature stability requirement aesthetic characteristic

Question 65

Examples of Low Dosage Therapy

Answer 65

Use of Aspirin in 81-mg amounts (rather than the usual dose of 325 mg) to lower the risk of heart attack and clot-related stroke. Low-dose oral contraceptive use Low-dose postmenopausal hormone therapy.

Question 66

Examples of High Dosage Therapy

Answer 66

Commonly associated with the chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. Through increased dose intensity, to kill tumor cells. High-dose use of progestin in the treatment of endometriosis. High-dose influenza vaccination of the elderly.

Question 67

Oral

Answer 67

Mouth

Question 68

Sublingual

Answer 68

Under the tongue

Question 69

Intravenous

Answer 69

Parenteral: Vein

Question 70

Intra-arterial

Answer 70

Parenteral: Artery

Question 71

Intercardiac

Answer 71

Parenteral: Heart

Question 72

Intraspinal/ Intrathecal

Answer 72

Parenteral: Spine

Question 73

Intraosseous

Answer 73

Parenteral: Bone

Question 74

Intra-articular

Answer 74

Parenteral: Joint

Question 75

Intrasynovial

Answer 75

Parenteral: Joint Fluid

Question 76

Intracutaneous/ Intradermal/ Subcutaneously

Answer 76

Parenteral: Skin

Question 77

Intramuscular

Answer 77

Parenteral: Muscle

Question 78

Epicutaneous

Answer 78

Parenteral: Skin surface

Question 79

Conjunctival

Answer 79

Eye conjunctiva

Question 80

intraocular

Answer 80

Eye

Question 81

Intranasal

Answer 81

Nose

Question 82

aural

Answer 82

Ear

Question 83

Intrarespiratory

Answer 83

Lung

Question 84

Rectal

Answer 84

Rectum

Question 85

Vaginal

Answer 85

Vagina

Question 86

Urethral

Answer 86

Urethra