Calculation Of Doses : General Considerations Flashcards

1
Q

quantitative amount administered or taken by a patient for the intended medicinal effect.

A

Dose

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2
Q

amount taken at one time.

A

Single Dose

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3
Q

amount taken during the course of therapy.

A

Daily Dose/Total Dose

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4
Q

schedule of dosing.

A

Dosage Regimen

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5
Q

Example of Dosage Regimen

A

QID for 10 days

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6
Q

amount that ordinarily produces the medicinal effect intended in the adult patient.

A

Usual Adult Dose

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7
Q

amount that ordinarily produces the medicinal effect intended in infant or child patient.

A

Usual Pediatric Dose

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8
Q

quantitative amounts of the drug that may be prescribed within the guidelines of usual medical practice.

A

Usual Dosage Range

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9
Q

amount that produces the desired intensity of effect in 50% of the individuals tested.

A

Median Effective Dose

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10
Q

amount that produces toxic effects in 50% of the individuals tested.

A

Median Toxic Dose

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11
Q

Other term for Loading Dose

A

Priming Dose

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12
Q

larger-than- usual initial dose may be required to achieve the desired blood drug level.

A

Loading Dose

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13
Q

minimum concentration to produce the drug’s desired effects in a patient.

A

Median Effective Concentration (MEC)

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14
Q

concentration that produces dose-related toxic effects.

A

Minimum Toxic Concentration (MTC)

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15
Q

Primary Drug Treatment

A

Monotherapy

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16
Q

Additional to or supportive of a different primary treatment.

A

Adjunctive Therapy

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17
Q

Administered to protect the patient from contracting a specific disease.

A

Prophylactic Doses

18
Q

Example of Prophylactic Doses

A

Vaccines

19
Q

What does dosage forms contain?

A

Pharmaceutical ingredients

20
Q

What does pharmaceutical ingredients do?

A
  • Provides physical features
  • Stability Requirements
  • Aesthetic Characteristics desiredfor optimal therapeutic dffects
21
Q

Enumerate Examples of Pharmaceutical Ingredients:

A

Solvents
Vehicles
Stabilizer
Solubilizers
Binders
Fillers
Disintegrants
Flavorants
Colorants

22
Q

What is the measuring device for that FDA stated that is not appropriate for giving medicines to children?

A

Kitchen teaspoon or Tablespoon

23
Q

Formula of number of doses?

A

Number of Doses = Total Quantity/Size of Dose

24
Q

Formula for Size of Dose

A

Size of Dose = Total Quantity/Number of Dozes

25
Q

Formula for total quantity

A

Total quantity = # of dose x size of dose

26
Q

If 1 tablespoon is prescribed as the dose, approximately how many doses will be contained in 1 pint of the medicine?

A

31.5 or 31 dose

27
Q

How many teaspoonfuls would be prescribed in each dose of an elixir if 180 mL contained 18 doses?

A

2 teaspoonfuls

28
Q

How many milliliters of a liquid medicine would provide a patient with 2 tablespoonfuls twice a day for 8 days?

A

480 mL

29
Q

The administration of doses that are much smaller than the usual dose of a drug.

A

LOW-DOSE THERAPY

30
Q

Examples of Low-Dose Therapy

A
  • Aspirin 8 mg rather than 325 mg usual dose
  • Low-dose oral contraceptive use
  • Low-dose postmenopausal hormone therapy.
31
Q

administration of doses that are much larger than the usual dose of a drug.

A

HIGH-DOSE THERAPY

32
Q

Examples of High-Dose Therapy

A
  • Chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer
  • High-Dose of Progestin for endometriosis
  • High-dose influenza vaccination for elderly
33
Q

If a patient is changed from a daily standard-dose postmenopausal product containing 0.625 mg of conjugated estrogens (CE) to a low-dose formulation containing 0.35 mg CE, how many milligrams less of CE would the patient take per week?

A

1.925 mg Conjugated Estrogens

34
Q

Products containing ____ or more ____________ ______ in Fixed Dose Combinations

A

Two, Therapeutic Agents

35
Q

Tell me if it is advantages or disadvantages of fixed-dosed combination.

“Two or more needed drugs may be taken in a single dose”

A

Advantages

36
Q

Tell me if it is advantages or disadvantages of fixed-dosed combination.

“Convenient, enhance compliance, less expensive”

A

Advantages

37
Q

Tell me if it is advantages or disadvantages of fixed-dosed combination.

“Relative inflexibility in dosing compared with individual drug dosing”

A

Disadvantages

38
Q

A number of tablets are ________ , or _______, to allow breaking into approximately equal pieces (usually halves).

A

Scored or Grooved

39
Q

This allows dosage flexibility,particularly when a patient is started at a half dose and then is titrated up to a full dosage level.

A

Tablet Splitting and Crushing

40
Q

It also enables a patient to take a product at a strength that is not otherwise available.

A

Tablet Splitting and Crushing