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Business Studies > Calculations > Flashcards

Calculations Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Variable costs

A

output x variable cost per unit

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2
Q

Total costs

A

variable costs + fixed costs

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3
Q

Revenue

A

quantity sold x average selling price

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4
Q

Unit cost

A

total costs ÷ number of units produced

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5
Q

Profit

A

total revenue – total costs

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6
Q

Market capitalisation

A

current share price x number of shares sold

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7
Q

Expected value

A

probability x outcome

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8
Q

Net gain

A

Expected value - cost of decision

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9
Q

Sales volume

A

number of items sold

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10
Q

Sales value

A

volume x selling price

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11
Q

Market growth

A

market size in year – market size previous year ÷ original market size x 100

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12
Q

Sales growth

A

change in market sales over a period of time ÷ original market sales x 100

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13
Q

Market share

A

sales of one product ÷ total sales in market x 100

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14
Q

Price Elasticity of demand (PED)

A

% change in quantity demanded ÷ % change in price

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15
Q

Income elasticity of demand (YED)

A

% change in quantity demanded ÷ % change in price

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16
Q

Labour productivity

A

output per period ÷ number of employees per period

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17
Q

Capacity

A

maximum level of production

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18
Q

Capacity utilisation

A

actual output ÷ maximum possible output x 100

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19
Q

Variance

A

Actual – budget

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20
Q

Contribution per unit

A

selling price per unit – variable cost per unit

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21
Q

Total contribution

A

contribution per unit x number of units sold

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22
Q

Break even

A

fixed costs ÷ contribution per unit

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23
Q

Margin of safety

A

actual output – break even output

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24
Q

Gross Profit

A

Sales Revenue – cost of sales

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25
Gross Profit Margin
Gross profit ÷ Sales Revenue x 100
26
Operating Profit
Gross Profit – expenses
27
Operating Profit Margin
Operating profit ÷Sales revenue x 100
28
Profit for the year margin
profit for the year ÷ Sales revenue x 100
29
ROI
operating profit ÷ Capital Employed x 100
30
Net Cash flow
total inflows – total outflows
31
Closing Balance
opening balance + net cash flow
32
Employee costs as a % of turnover
employee costs ÷ sales revenue x 100
33
Labour productivity
output per period ÷ number of employees per period
34
Labour costs per unit
total labour costs ÷ total units of output x 100
35
Labour turnover
number of employees leaving over a given period ÷ average number employed over a given period x 100
36
Retention rate
number of employees with one or more years’ service ÷ overall employee numbers x 100
37
Current assets
inventories + receivables + cash and other cash equivalents
38
Net Current Assets
current assets – current liabilities
39
Net assets
non-current assets + working capital – non-current liabilities
40
Assets employed
net current assets + non-current assets
41
Total equity
share capital + reserves
42
Capital employed
total equity + non-current liabilities
43
Assets employed
capital employed
44
Gross profit
revenue – cost of sales
45
Operating profit
gross profit – expenses +/- exceptional items
46
Profit before tax
operating profit + finance income – finance costs
47
Profit for the year
profit before tax – taxation
48
Earnings per share
profit for the year ÷ number of shares issued
49
Gross Profit Margin
Gross profit ÷ Sales Revenue x 100
50
Operating Profit Margin
Operating profit ÷Sales revenue x 100
51
Profit for the year margin
profit for the year ÷ Sales revenue x 100
52
ROCE (Return on Capital Employed)
operating profit or profit before tax ÷ total equity + non-current liabilities x 100
53
Current ratio
current assets ÷ current liabilities
54
Gearing
non-current liabilities ÷ total equity + non-current liabilities x 100
55
Payables days
payables ÷ cost of sales x 365
56
Receivables days
receivables ÷ annual revenue x 365
57
Inventory turnover
cost of goods sold ÷ average inventories held
58
Concentration ratio
add up the market share of a specific number of businesses in that market, e.g. the top 3
59
Payback
add the annual returns from an investment until the cumulative total equals the initial cost
60
ARR
(total net return or surplus from a project ÷ number of years) ÷ initial cost x 100

Business Studies (2 decks)

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