Caliphs

Question 1

Abu Bakr

Answer 1

• father in law of Muhammad
• unified Arabia
• began recording of the qur’an
• controlled revolts arising in response to new leadership
• expanded Islam to Iraq and Syria + defeat of Persia
• some in the community didn’t agree with his leadership wanting Ali-> closer related, first convert. The divide between the two people’s became wider and the supporters of Abu became the variant Sunni, and the supporters of Ali became Shi’a.

Question 2

Umar

Answer 2

• Organised a census

- public treasury

Question 3

Uthman

Answer 3

Final compilations and copying of Qur’an

Question 4

Ali-bab ul llm

Answer 4

• most important to development of Islam
• shi’a “party of Ali”
• first imam (true inheritors of m according to shi’a)

Question 5

Sunni

Answer 5

• 90%

- leader = most qualified Arab Muslim

Question 6

Shi’a

Answer 6

• 10%
• Ali should have succeeded the prophet
• imam = leader of Muslims (ALLAhs revelations continue)

Question 7

What is a caliph:

Answer 7

A successor of Muhammad, after his death one needed to be found to keep Islam alive. ‘Rashidun’ rightly guided = contemporaries of Muhammad