Callaghan 1976-79

Question 1

what was unemployment by 1978?

Answer 1

• 1.5million
• growing stagflation

Question 2

when did Callaghan secure IMF loan?

Answer 2

• 1976
• £3.9billion
• stricts spending cuts of £2billion damaged trade union relations opposing wage restraint

Question 3

what did Callaghan limit pay rise to in 1978?

Answer 3

• 5%
• living standards fell due to inflation

Question 4

when and what was the Winter of Discontent?

Answer 4

• 1978-79
• widespread public sector strike over 1.5million workers
• lorry drivers, binmen, gravediggers
• Sun Headline = “Crisis? What Crisis?”
• damaged credibility leading to Thatcher victory in 1979

Question 5

when did Callaghan end special category status?

Answer 5

• 1976
• IRA prisoners now treated as ordinary criminals
• led to Blanket Protest 1976, Dirty Protest 1978, Hunger Strike 1981 (under Thatcher)

Question 6

give an example of someone who helped the image of women?

Answer 6

• Kate Bush, 18 year old singer-songwriter
• Wuthering Heights top of the charts 1978

Question 7

what percentage of a mans wage did women earn by 1979?

Answer 7

• 73%

Question 8

when and what was Domestic Violence and Matrimonial Proceedings Act?

Answer 8

• 1976
• allowed court injunctions against abusive partners
• not overly effective

Question 9

when was the first Rape Crisis Centre created?

Answer 9

• 1976

Question 10

when and what was Equal Opportunity Commission?

Answer 10

• 1976
• enforced Sexual Discrimination Act
• but only 9 investigations in first 2 years

Question 11

what percentage of adult females worked by 1979?

Answer 11

• 60%
• representing changing attitudes

Question 12

when was Greenpeace founded?

Answer 12

• 1977
• campaigned against pollution, deforestation, expansion of nuclear deterrence/energy

Question 13

give an example of the punk movement rejecting tradition and anti-establishment

Answer 13

• Sex Pistols (band) song “God Save the Queen” was very controversial
• banned on BBC 1977

Question 14

when was the Race Relations Act extended?

Answer 14

• 1976
• tougher laws on discrimination particularly in housing and employment

Question 15

two examples of racial attacks?

Answer 15

• Notting Hill Riots 1976
• increased police brutality

Question 16

when and why was the Rock Against Racism formed?

Answer 16

• 1976
• response to far-right sentiment
• The Clash and The Specials performed at anti-racist concerts

Question 17

a positive of the Special Relationship under Callaghan

Answer 17

• USA backed IMF loan of £3.9billion in 1976
• Callaghan strong relationship with Carter