⭐️Calorimetry

Question 1

Temperature

Answer 1

Measures average KINETIC ENERGY of particles (not heat energy) HIGHER TEMP=HIGHER KINETIC ENERGY, despite phase

Question 2

Kelvin equation

Answer 2

K=’C+273 (in reference table)

Question 3

Celsius equation w kelvin

Answer 3

‘C=K-273

Question 4

Fahrenheit equation

Answer 4

‘F=9/5(C)+32

Question 5

Celsius equation w Fahrenheit ⭐️

Answer 5

‘C=5/9(F-32)

Question 6

What is currently used in thermometers and why?⭐️

Answer 6

Alcohol w red food coloring bc it has a low FP and high BP, mercury causes neurological damage

Question 7

Kinetic molecules theory (KMT) ⭐️

Answer 7

1) matter is composed of smaller particles atoms
2) particles move in continuous motion (unless absolute 0)
3) collisions w each other result in transfer of energy

Question 8

Specific heat (Cp)

Answer 8

Amount of heat energy (Joules) needed to raise 1g of a substance by 1’C

Question 9

Heat energy absorbed/released equation

Answer 9

q=(m)(delta T)(Cp)

Question 10

Calculating final temp

Answer 10

Solve for delta T.
If it says “absorbed”, add delta T to given temp.
If it says “released/given off”, subtract delta T from given temp.

Question 11

Heat loss=heat gain when solving for final temperature

Answer 11

OBJECT DROPPED INTO WATER
(m)(temp-Tf)(Cp)=(m)(Tf-temp)(Cp)
Simplify each side (multiply/distribute) and then solve for Tf
Remember, cm3=g

Question 12

Pure liquid ⭐️

Answer 12

Infinite freezing point (never freezes)

Question 13

Pure solid ⭐️

Answer 13

Infinite melting point (never melts)

Question 14

Vapor

Answer 14

Gaseous phase of a substance that is a solid/liquid at room temp (type of gas)

Question 15

When is IMF (intermolecular force) strongest? ⭐️

Answer 15

If it has a high BP, lower vapor pressure

Question 16

Sublimation

Answer 16

Solid to gas
WEAK IMF
“Dry ice” CO2
Iodine (I2)

Question 17

Endothermic

Answer 17

Heat absorbed, uses joules

Question 18

Solid phase heat curve

Answer 18

Kinetic/temp change

q=(m)(deltaT)(2.06 J/g’C)

Question 19

Melting/freezing heat curve

Answer 19

Potential energy change
q=(m)(334 J/g)
Heat of fusion/heat of solidification

Question 20

Liquid phase heat curve

Answer 20

Kinetic/temp change

q=(m)(deltaT)(4.18 J/g’C)

Question 21

Boiling/vaporization/condensation heat curve

Answer 21

Potential energy change
q=(m)(2260 J/g)
Heat of condensation/heat of vaporization
(NOT evaporation bc there are bubbles)

Question 22

Vapor/gas phase heat curve

Answer 22

Kinetic/temp change

q=(m)(deltaT)(2.02 J/g’C)

Question 23

Heat of fusion (Hf)

Answer 23

Amount of heat energy needed to melt a substance at its melting point 334J/g

Question 24

Heat of solidification

Answer 24

Amount of heat energy needed to freeze a substance at its freezing point 334J/g

Question 25

Heat of vaporization (Hv)

Answer 25

Amount of heat energy needed to vaporize a substance at its boiling point 2260J/g

Question 26

Heat of condensation

Answer 26

Amount of heat energy needed to condense a substance at boiling point 2260 J/g

Question 27

When does the vapor pressure solid=vapor pressure liquid?

Answer 27

Melting/freezing point 0'C during phase change

Question 28

When does the vapor pressure liquid=atmospheric pressure?

Answer 28

Boiling point 100'C during phase change (NOT necessarily heat of vaporization)

Question 29

Gas shape/volume

Answer 29

Take shape/volume

Question 30

Liquid shape/volume

Answer 30

Take shape/definite volume

Question 31

Solid shape/volume

Answer 31

Definite shape/volume

Question 32

Exothermic

Answer 32

Releasing heat

Question 33

Multi step heat curve problems

Answer 33

Find joules for temp change, phase change, and any additional temp change. Add joules to get answer

Question 34

Calculation tips

Answer 34

Round to lowest sig fig of given numbers | You can wait until end to round to sig fig but u don't have to

Question 35

Specific heat of ice

Answer 35

2.06

Question 36

Specific heat of vapor

Answer 36

2.02

Question 37

If a 200mL pool of water and a 2000mL pool of water are 27'C, which one has more HEAT?

Answer 37

The 2000mL pool has more heat because temperature does not measure heat, temp measures kinetic energy.

Question 38

Equilibrium

Answer 38

When the items have reached a similar temperature

Question 39

In which direction does heat flow?

Answer 39

Heat flows from high temp to low

Question 40

On a HEATING CURVE, what do diagonal lines represent? Is kinetic increasing/dec/or staying the same? Is Potential incr/decr/or staying the same?

Answer 40

Kinetic energy is rising, while potential energy is staying the same.

Question 41

On a COOLING CURVE, what do diagonal lines represent? Is kinetic increasing/dec/or staying the same? Is Potential incr/decr/or staying the same?

Answer 41

Kinetic energy is decreasing, while potential energy is staying the same.

Question 42

On a HEATING CURVE, what do straight lines mean? Is kinetic increasing/dec/or staying the same? Is Potential incr/decr/or staying the same?

Answer 42

Kinetic energy stays the same, while potential increases

Question 43

On a COOLING CURVE, what do straight lines mean? Is kinetic increasing/dec/or staying the same? Is Potential incr/decr/or staying the same?

Answer 43

Kinetic energy stays the same while potential decreases

Question 44

What does vapor pressure depend on?

Answer 44

Current atmospheric pressure

Question 45

Heat loss=heat gain

Answer 45

(m)(deltaT)(Cp)=(m)(deltaT)(Cp)