cambridge book 9 test 2

Question 1

impair(verb)

Answer 1

:to damage something or make it not as good as it should be
*The illness had impaired his ability to think and concentrate.
+thesaurus at harm
impaired=damaged, less strong, or not as good as before
impairment= mental/visual/cognitive/hearing etc impairment=bozukluk, zayıflık

Question 2

detrimental (adj)

Answer 2

\:causing harm or damage 
SYN harmful, damaging
**detrimental to
*Smoking is detrimental to your health.
*he detrimental effect of pollution on the environment
detrimentally adverb

Question 3

over two decades

Answer 3

yirmi yıldan fazla

Question 4

ventile(verb)

Answer 4

: to let fresh air into a room, building etc
**well-ventilated/poorly ventilated etc
to pump air into and out of someone’s lungs, using a special machine
ventilation (noun) **a ventilation system

Question 5

heighten(verb)

Answer 5

:if something heightens a feeling, effect etc, or if a feeling etc heightens, it becomes stronger or increases
SYN intensify, → strengthen
*Increased levels of fat in the diet could heighten the risk of cancer.
**heighten (somebody’s) awareness (of something)
*The case has heightened public awareness of the problem of sexual harassment.

Question 6

exacerbate(verb)

Answer 6

:to make a bad situation worse
*I don’t want to exacerbate the situation.=
Durumu daha da kötüleştirmek istemiyorum.
exacerbation (noun)

Question 7

reverberation(noun)

Answer 7

:a severe effect that is caused by a particular event and continues for a long time
SYN repercussion
=yansıma
*the scandal’s political reverberations
:a loud sound that is heard again and again as it is sent back from different surfaces → echo

Question 8

discrepancies(noun)

Answer 8

:a difference between two amounts, details, reports etc that should be the same
**discrepancy in
*Police found discrepancies in the two men’s reports.
=tutarsızlıklar

Question 9

interlinking problems

Answer 9

=birbirine bağlanan sorunlar

Question 10

sensory stimuli

Answer 10

=duyusal uyaranlar

Question 11

quantify(verb)

Answer 11

:to calculate the value of something and express it as a number or an amount
*an attempt to quantify the region’s social and economic decline
**difficult/impossible to quantify
quantifiable adjective

Question 12

intrusive(adj)

Answer 12

affecting someone’s private life or interrupting them in an unwanted and annoying way
*they found the television cameras too intrusive.

Question 13

adverse(adj)

Answer 13

: not good or favourable
*They fear it could have an adverse effect on global financial markets.
adversely (adverb)
*developments which had adversely affected their business

Question 14

screen out

Answer 14

: to prevent something harmful from passing through SYN filter out
*Sun lotions screen out damaging ultraviolet light.
:to remove people or things that are not acceptable or not suitable
*An answering service can screen out nuisance calls.

Question 15

penetrate(verb)

Answer 15

:to enter something and pass or spread through it, especially when this is difficult

• Sunlight barely penetrated the dirty windows.
• *penetrate into
• Explorers penetrated deep into unknown regions.

Question 16

obtain

Answer 16

to get something that you want, especially through your own effort, skill, or work
SYN get
**obtain something from somebody/something
You will need to obtain permission from the principal.
**obtain something through something
*the results obtained through these surveys

Question 17

embark(verb)

Answer 17

to go onto a ship or a plane, or to put or take something onto a ship or plane
OPP disembark
=atılmak,girişmek
embarkation(noun)
**embark on/upon something
to start something, especially something new, difficult, or exciting
*He embarked on a new career as a teacher.
=başlamak

Question 18

imperative(adj)

Answer 18

extremely important and needing to be done or dealt with immediately
*It is imperative that politicians should be good communicators.
**it is imperative (for somebody) to do something
*It is imperative to meet face to face with the client.
imperatively (adverb)

Question 19

promulgate(verb)

Answer 19

=yayınlamak
to spread an idea or belief to as many people as possible
to make a new law come into effect by announcing it officially
promulgator (noun)
promulgation(noun)
*Some of these are defined in the regulations promulgated for the administration of the Wholesome Meat Act.=Bunlardan bazıları Sağlıklı Et Kanununun idaresi için yayımlanan yönetmeliklerde tanımlanmıştır.

Question 20

initiative(noun)

Answer 20

the ability to make decisions and take action without waiting for someone to tell you what to do
*Don’t keep asking me for advice. Use your initiative.
=girişkenlik
**initiative for
* a new initiative for peace in the Middle East

Question 21

inch(verb)

Answer 21

to move very slowly in a particular direction, or to make something do this
* I inched forward along the ground.

Question 22

occasion(noun)

Answer 22

:a time when something happens
**on … occasions
* I’ve seen Jana with them on several occasions.
:a suitable or favourable time
**occasion for
* This was the occasion for expressions of friendship by the two presidents.
: an important social event or ceremony
* I’m saving this bottle of champagne for a special occasion.

Question 23

schoolmistresses

Answer 23

:a female teacher, especially in a private school

Question 24

observation

Answer 24

the process of watching something or someone carefully for a period of time

• *observation of
• He spent two nights under close observation in hospital.=Hastanede yakın gözlem altında iki gece geçirdi.

Question 25

polymath(noun)

Answer 25

someone who has a lot of knowledge about many different subjects =bilge

Question 26

innermost(adj)

Answer 26

:your innermost feelings, desires etc are your most personal and secret ones * a man who would never share his innermost thoughts with anyone

Question 27

desolate(adj)

Answer 27

:a place that is desolate is empty and looks sad because there are no people there *a desolate landscape =ıssız

Question 28

latitude(noun)

Answer 28

:the distance north or south of the equator (=the imaginary line around the middle of the world), measured in degrees → longitude =enlem : freedom to choose what you do or say =serbestlik **considerable/greater latitude *upils enjoy considerable latitude in deciding what they want to study. **latitude in/for * Employees should have some latitude in organizing their work. latitudinal (adj)

Question 29

govern(verb)

Answer 29

to officially and legally control a country and make all the decisions about taxes, laws, public services etc SYN rule *The party had been governing for seven months. =hükmetmek

Question 30

in pairs

Answer 30

in groups of two | *We worked in pairs for the role-play exercise.

Question 31

pin down

Answer 31

**pin somebody/something ↔ down :to make someone give clear details or make a definite decision about something * Did you manage to pin him down to a definite date?=Onu kesin bir tarihe bağlamayı başardınız mı? * He’s impossible to pin down.

Question 32

expeditions(noun)

Answer 32

a long and carefully organized journey, especially to a dangerous or unfamiliar place, or the people that make this journey *another Everest expedition **on an expedition *He went on an expedition to Borneo : a short journey, usually made for a particular purpose SYN trip

Question 33

besiege(verb)

Answer 33

to surround a city or castle with military force until the people inside let you take control → siege In April 655, Osman’s palace was besieged by rebels. ► see thesaurus at attack =kuşatmak

Question 34

thwart(verb)

Answer 34

:to prevent someone from doing what they are trying to do * Fierce opposition thwarted the government’s plans. =engellemek

Question 35

flee(verb)

Answer 35

:to leave somewhere very quickly, in order to escape from danger * His attackers turned and fled. * *flee to/from/into * Many German artists fled to America at the beginning of World War II.

Question 36

pitch

Answer 36

**pitch into somebody/something : to suddenly start criticizing someone or hitting them * She pitched into me as soon as I started to speak.

Question 37

ruled out

Answer 37

rule something/somebody ↔ out :to decide that something is not possible or suitable * The police have ruled out suicide. =bir şeyi / birini yönetmek

Question 38

undaunted(adj)

Answer 38

:not afraid of continuing to try to do something in spite of difficulties or danger SYN undeterred **undaunted by * Undaunted by the enormity of the task, they began rebuilding the village. =korkusuz

Question 39

disprited(adj)

Answer 39

:someone who is dispirited does not feel as hopeful, eager, or interested in something as they were in the past SYN: discouraged *At last, dispirited and weary, they gave up the search. dispiritedly (adverb)

Question 40

precise(adj)

Answer 40

precise information, details etc are exact, clear, and correct SYN exact *It was difficult to get precise information.

Question 41

dogged(adj)

Answer 41

``` dogged behaviour shows that you are very determined to continue doing something a dogged determination to succeed ► see thesaurus at determined doggedly (adverb) doggedness (noun) =inatçı ```

Question 42

smear(noun)

Answer 42

``` : a dirty mark made by a small amount of something spread across a surface **smear of *a smear of paint * It left a black smear on his arm. =lekeleme smeary (adjective) ```

Question 43

diffract(verb)

Answer 43

:to bend light or sound waves as they pass around something or through a hole diffraction(noun) =kırmak

Question 44

layer(noun)

Answer 44

:an amount or piece of a material or substance that covers a surface or that is between two other things **layer of *The moon was shining through a thin layer of cloud. **in layers * Arrange the peppers, garlic and tomatoes in layers. =tabaka

Question 45

refract(verb)

Answer 45

:if glass or water refracts light, the light changes direction when it passes through the glass or water refraction (noun) *More light is refracted below the surface, and algae, especially diatoms. rapidly become plentiful.

Question 46

supersede(verb)

Answer 46

:if a new idea, product, or method supersedes another one, it becomes used instead because it is more modern or effective SYN: replace *Their map has since been superseded by photographic atlases. =yerini almak

Question 47

rod

Answer 47

``` :a long thin pole or bar **steel/iron/wooden etc rod * The walls are reinforced with steel rods. * a measuring rod =çubuk ```

Question 48

spectacle(noun)

Answer 48

: a very impressive show or scene =gösteri * a multimedia dance and opera spectacle :an unusual or interesting thing or situation that you see or notice – used especially in order to show disapproval * The trial was turned into a public spectacle. **spectacle of *the spectacle of drunken young men on the streets ► see thesaurus at sight

Question 49

pave(verb)

Answer 49

: to cover a path, road, area etc with a hard level surface such as blocks of stone or concrete =döşemek **be paved with something *The city centre streets are paved with dark local stone.

Question 50

principle has been applied

Answer 50

ilke uygulandı

Question 51

distort(verb)

Answer 51

:to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear =bozmak *Tall buildings can distort radio signals. :to report something in a way that is not completely true or correct =çarpıtmak * His account was badly distorted by the press :to change a situation from the way it would naturally be * an expensive subsidy which distorts the market distorted (adjective) * His face was distorted in anger. distortion(noun)

Question 52

trace

Answer 52

=iz sürmek * She had given up all hope of tracing her missing daughter. * *trace something (back) to something

Question 53

iconoclastic(adj)

Answer 53

:iconoclastic ideas, opinions, writings etc attack established beliefs and customs * Wolfe’s theories were revolutionary and iconoclastic. iconoclasm(noun)

Question 54

implied(adj)

Answer 54

not stated openly, but understood to exist or to be true

Question 55

precisely

Answer 55

exactly and correctly SYN exactly

Question 56

circuit(noun)

Answer 56

:a path that forms a circle around an area, or a journey along this path *We did a circuit of the old city.=tur

Question 57

naysayer

Answer 57

someone who says something is not possible, is not good, or will fail

Question 58

march(verb)

Answer 58

: if soldiers or other people march somewhere, they walk there quickly with firm regular steps march across/along/past etc :if a large group of people march somewhere, they walk there together to express their ideas or protest about something *An estimated 5,000 people marched through the city to demonstrate against the factory closures.

Question 59

fixed

Answer 59

:firmly fastened to a particular position fixed to/in/on * a mirror fixed to the bathroom wall

Question 60

evolved(verb)

Answer 60

if an animal or plant evolves, it changes gradually over a long period of time *evolve from Fish evolved from prehistoric sea creatures.

Question 61

impede

Answer 61

:to make it difficult for someone or something to move forward or make progress *Storms at sea impeded our progress

Question 62

stream(noun)

Answer 62

a natural flow of water that moves across the land and is narrower than a river

Question 63

interpret(verb)

Answer 63

to translate spoken words from one language into another *They spoke good Spanish, and promised to interpret for me. : to believe that something someone does or something that happens has a particular meaning **interpret something as something * His refusal to work late was interpreted as a lack of commitment to the company. : to explain the meaning of something

Question 64

draw on

Answer 64

:draw on/upon something to use information, experience, knowledge etc for a particular purpose * His work draws heavily on learning theories of the 1980s. * She has 20 years’ teaching experience to draw on. :draw on something to use part of a supply of something such as money * I drew on my savings to pay for the repairs. :draw on a cigarette/cigar etc to breathe in smoke from a cigarette etc :if a period of time or an event draws on, it comes closer to its end * Winter is drawing on. * As the journey drew on, he started to feel tired.

Question 65

shortcut(noun)

Answer 65

:a quicker and more direct way of getting somewhere than the usual one *Carlos decided to take a short-cut home. :a quicker way of doing something **short cut to *There aren’t really any short cuts to learning English.

Question 66

rumbling(noun)

Answer 66

:a series of long low sounds | *We heard a rumbling behind us.

Question 67

pitfall(noun)

Answer 67

:a problem or difficulty that is likely to happen in a particular job, course of action, or activity * *pitfall of * He gave me advice on how to avoid the pitfalls of the legal process.

Question 68

plague(noun)

Answer 68

a disease that causes death and spreads quickly to a large number of people

Question 69

hardwired(adj)

Answer 69

if an attitude, way of behaving etc is hard-wired, it is a natural part of a person’s character that they are born with and cannot change *The desire to communicate seems to be hard-wired into our brains.

Question 70

curse(verb)

Answer 70

to swear

Question 71

conjecture(noun)

Answer 71

:when you form ideas or opinions without having very much information to base them on *What she said was pure conjecture. :an idea or opinion formed by guessing SYN guess, hypothesis * My results show that this conjecture was, in fact, correct. conjectural (adjective) =varsayım

Question 72

likelihood(noun)

Answer 72

the degree to which something can reasonably be expected to happen SYN probability **likelihood of * Using a seatbelt will reduce the likelihood of serious injury in a car accident.

Question 73

release(verb)

Answer 73

:to let someone go free, after having kept them somewhere *Police arrested several men, who were later released. **release somebody from something *He was released from the hospital yesterday. :to let news or official information be known and printed SYN publish * The new trade figures have just been released. : to make a CD, film, computer game etc available for people to buy or see *A version of the game for Mac computers will be released in February. :to express or get rid of feelings such as anger or worry * Physical exercise is a good way of releasing stress. :to let a substance flow out **release something into something * Oil was released into the sea.

Question 74

chain(noun)

Answer 74

Zincir

Question 75

willingness(noun)

Answer 75

:the state of being prepared to do something *He has shown no willingness to compromise. =isteklilik

Question 76

embrace(verb)

Answer 76

:to put your arms around someone and hold them in a friendly or loving way SYN hug :to eagerly accept a new idea, opinion, religion etc *We hope these regions will embrace democratic reforms.

Question 77

impediment(noun)

Answer 77

: a physical problem that makes speaking, hearing, or moving difficult *a speech impediment :a situation or event that makes it difficult or impossible for someone or something to succeed or make progress **impediment to *War is one of the greatest impediments to human progress.

Question 78

ridicule(noun)

Answer 78

:unkind laughter or remarks that are intended to make someone or something seem stupid =alay *The government’s proposals were held up to ridicule (=suffered ridicule) by opposition ministers.

Question 79

afflict(verb)

Answer 79

:to affect someone or something in an unpleasant way, and make them suffer * *be afflicted with/by something * a country afflicted by famine

Question 80

variant(noun)

Answer 80

:something that is slightly different from the usual form of something **variant of/on * This game is a variant of netball. : a slightly different form of a word or phrase *spelling variants in British and American English

Question 81

inhibit(verb)

Answer 81

:to prevent something from growing or developing well * An unhappy family life may inhibit children’s learning. : to make someone feel embarrassed or nervous so that they cannot do or say what they want to **inhibit somebody from doing something *Recording the meeting may inhibit people from expressing their real views. =engellemek

Question 82

explosion(noun)

Answer 82

: a loud sound and the energy produced by something such as a bomb bursting into small pieces → explode * *bomb/gas/nuclear explosion * Several people were injured in a bomb explosion.

Question 83

reputation(noun)

Answer 83

:the opinion that people have about someone or something because of what has happened in the past **reputation for *Judge Kelso has a reputation for being strict but fair. **reputation as *In her last job she gained a reputation as a hard worker. =itibar

Question 84

intertwine(verb)

Answer 84

: if two situations, ideas etc are intertwined, they are closely related to each other **be closely/inextricably intertwined * The problems of crime and unemployment are closely intertwined. : if two things intertwine, or if they are intertwined, they are twisted together **intertwine with * a necklace of rubies intertwined with pearls =iç içe geçmek

Question 85

accomplish(verb)

Answer 85

:to succeed in doing something, especially after trying very hard SYN achieve *We have accomplished all we set out to do

Question 86

supply(noun)

Answer 86

:an amount of something that is available to be used * *supply of * I’ve only got a week’s supply of tablets left. * *plentiful/abundant/adequate etc supply * There was a plentiful supply of cheap labour.

Question 87

alienation(noun)

Answer 87

:the feeling of not being part of society or a group **alienation from * Unemployment may provoke a sense of alienation from society. =yabancılaşma

Question 88

asset(noun)

Answer 88

: the things that a company owns, that can be sold to pay debts =varlık **in assets * a corporation with $9 billion in assets :something or someone that is useful because they help you succeed or deal with problems OPP liability=yükümlülük * A sense of humor is a great asset in this business. **be an asset to somebody/something *I think Rachel would be an asset to the department.

Question 89

receptive(adj)

Answer 89

:willing to consider new ideas or listen to someone else’s opinions *You might find them in a more receptive mood tomorrow. * a receptive audience **receptive to *a workforce that is receptive to new ideas receptiveness(noun) =yeni fikirlere açık