Camelid neonates and juveniles Flashcards
(22 cards)
at birth what do camelids look like
epidermal membrane, eyelids open, incisor teeth erupted
what should death rate of crias be
<5%
what are some diseases of neonate SACs in general
care of neonate, prematurity, FTPI, septicemia, congenital diseases like choanal atresia
what are some things to to to take care of neonate
PE, navel dip, drying, weighing, nursing, Se injection, enema, later examine the dam
what is composition of llama colostrum like compared to other species
only 1% fat so lower than other small ruminants and cows
family high in protein
what are a few alternatives to llama colostrum
cow or goat
given bottle or tube, 10-20% BW
measure serum IgG; RID over 800 mg/dl and TP >5.5 gm/ml adequate
what are signs of insufficient milk production/consumption? what are a couple possible causes
poor weight gain, weakness, ill thrift babies
causes: mastitis, udder edema, behavioural, genetics
how to manage (ie. feed) when there is insufficient milk production/consumption
fresh cow or goat milk, or powdered goat milk
tube or bottle
10-12% BW of first 48 hours, then 20% of BW
feed q2 hours, then by week 4 4 feedings
what are some signs prematurity/dysmaturity in crias
weak, low birth rate, unerupted incisors, hyperextension fetlock joints, silky wool, floppy ears
what is sepsis? what is most common cause
systemic inflammatory response to infection
most commonly Gram negatives
E coli, Pseudomonas (Gr-), Strep, Listeria (Gr+0
what are some C/S of sepsis
weakness, lethargy, pyrexia, hypothermia, failure to nurse, injected mm, diarrhea
enlarged joints, hypopyon, seizures, dyspnea, enlarged umbilicus
how is sepsis diagnosed
CBC: leukocytosis or leukopenia, neutrophila or neutropenia, toxic/band neuts
fibrinogen
chem: hypo or hyperglycaemia, azotemia, hyperlactatemia; look at diff organs
blood cultures, but not always positive
how is sepsis treated
beta lactams and aminoglycoside: ceftiofur plus gentamicin
fluids, nutritional support, plasma, AIDs
diarrhea: what are some causes in crias
Protozoa: Giardia, Crypto, Eimeria macusaniensis
bacteria: Clostridium, Salmonella
viruses: coronaviruses, rotavirus
probiotics
what very pathogenic emerging diarrhea disease in camelids causes weakness, wasting, colic, PPP 32-45 days
also affect adults but diarrhea is less common
Eimeria macusaniensis
how is Eimeria macusaniensis treated
decoquinate (Decoxx) in feed
ponazuril (Marquis)
toltrazural (Baycox)
what is choanal atresia
congenital narrowing of the back of the nasal cavity that causes difficulty breathing
Choanal atresia refers to the failure of the nasopharynx and pharynx to unite
the lung and trachea move cranially, while the upper airway moves caudally
if complete, there is a membrane - won’t live long
if incomplete, may live, will see violent effort to breathe
what are genetics of choanal atresia
autosomal recessive - both sire and dam need to be carriers for cria to have it
what are a few congenital diseases SAC can get
atresia ani
wry face
patent urachus
cleft palate
vulvar aplasia
choanal atresia
cria under 6 months old has a dark coat, slow growth rate, and is reluctant to move. PE reveal shifting leg lameness, enlarged joints, and kyphosis. what do you suspect
hypophosphatemic rickets
what is etiology of hypophatemic rickets? and related, how is it treated and prevented?
either phosphorous deficiency of inadequate vitamin D ingestion/de novo synthesis
treat and prevent with vitamin D 1000-1500 Iu/kg
a herd of llamas or alpacas presents with early pregnancy losses, later term ABORTIONS, diarrhea, and many apparently healthy, but unthrifty, frequently infected animals. the animals have contact with cattle.
what are you suspicious of? how will you test?
BVD
PCR, ELISA, or virus isolation
