Camelid Production, Medicine, and Surgery

Question 1

do camelids or ruminants have slower gastrointestinal transit time?

Answer 1

camelids

Question 2

when does a camelid grumble?

Answer 2

when a feeding animal is approached too closely by another

Question 3

when do camelids screech?

Answer 3

usually when males fight

Question 4

what is the normal position of a camelid tail?

Answer 4

tail down flush with rump

Question 5

what is the most common offensive behavior of camelids?

Answer 5

spitting

Question 6

what is the normal temperature of llamas/alpacas?

Answer 6

99.5-102

Question 7

what is the normal heart rate range for llamas/alpacas?

Answer 7

60-90 beats/minute

Question 8

where can you perform cardiac auscultation?

Answer 8

left 3-5 intercostal space

Question 9

where can you listen to the C1 compartment of the stomach?

Answer 9

left side
cranial to stifle on fiber-free abdominal area

Question 10

where is a microchip in an alpaca/llama?

Answer 10

base of left ear

Question 11

which side should you place an IV catheter in a camelid in?

Answer 11

right side to avoid esophagus

Question 12

what is the most important core vaccine for camelids?

Answer 12

Clostridium perfringens types C and D
Clostridium tetani

Question 13

what are the elective vaccinations in camelids?

Answer 13

rabies
west nile virus
leptospira
equine herpesvirus and influenza
E. coli

Question 14

when do fighting teeth erupt?

Answer 14

18-24 months

Question 15

what should you trim when trimming nails?

Answer 15

trim ends like a dog
trim ventral nail horizontal to pads

Question 16

when is continuous growth possible in incisors?

Answer 16

if not flush with dental pad

Question 17

what is Mycoplasma haemolamae?

Answer 17

small bacteria that lack cell walls
cause anemia

Question 18

how does Mycoplasma haemolamae cause anemia?

Answer 18

likely immune mediated process in response to attachment and deformation of red blood cells

Question 19

is Mycoplasma haemolamae found in healthy animals?

Answer 19

yes: immune-suppressed, debilitated, or stressed animals are sick

Question 20

how can Mycoplasma haemolamae be treated?

Answer 20

oxytetracycline: three dose options:
noromycin
LA 200

Question 21

what worm can cause anemia in camelids?

Answer 21

Haemonchus contortus

Question 22

can camelids get red maple leaf toxicity?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

how many animals in a herd should you test for parasites?

Answer 23

if <10 animals, test them all
10% if >10 animals

Question 24

what are benzimidazoles useful against?

Answer 24

trichuris
nematodirus
monezia

Question 25

what is the dose of antiparasitics for camelids?

Answer 25

1.5-2x the cattle or sheep dosage

Question 26

where are skin lesions likely with Sarcoptic mange?

Answer 26

between toes medial thighs ventral abdomen chest perineum of female prepuce of male

Question 27

what does Chorioptic mange do?

Answer 27

feed on skin debris around anus to vulva, on tips of ears, between digits mostly subclinical

Question 28

what is Anaplasma phagocytophila?

Answer 28

tick borne obligate intracellular parasite

Question 29

what does Eimeria macusaniensis do?

Answer 29

devastates small intestine and ileum

Question 30

who is usually impacted by Eimeria macusaniensis?

Answer 30

stressed adults or crias traveling- stressed immunosuppressed, naive, concurrent disease, overwhelming infection

Question 31

what clinical signs can be seen with acute disease from Eimeria macusaniensis?

Answer 31

obtunded recumbent tachycardia hypothermia anorexic colic diarrhea death

Question 32

what are the causes of death with Eimeria macusaniensis?

Answer 32

sepsis hepatic lipidosis seizures cachexia

Question 33

what are some categories for mandibular swelling?

Answer 33

trauma infectious neoplastic other

Question 34

why does a camelid snort?

Answer 34

mild aggression

Question 35

why is the safest place to stand while handling by the shoulder?

Answer 35

they can cow kick for offensive behavior

Question 36

what is the normal respiratory rate?

Answer 36

10-30 breathes/min

Question 37

what is the ideal body condition score?

Answer 37

2.5-3.5

Question 38

what is normal to hear on cardiac auscultation?

Answer 38

sinus arrhythmia 3rd heart sounds

Question 39

what is normal gastric motility?

Answer 39

3-5/minute

Question 40

what are C1 sounds associated with?

Answer 40

gas/liquid churning

Question 41

where can you best hear flow through C3 (abomasum)?

Answer 41

right ventral midline

Question 42

how is a catheter placed?

Answer 42

break through skin with 14 ga needle or stab incision place 16 ga catheter in same hole, advance only when animal quiet, can use extension with flush

Question 43

when are they vaccinated for clostridium CD/T?

Answer 43

if unvaccinated hembras: 2-3 days, 2-3 weeks hembras: vaccinate while pregnant: 8 weeks and booster annual: pre-breeding or 2 months prior to birthing

Question 44

when are they vaccinated for clostridium 7 or 8 way?

Answer 44

weaning: 4-6 months yearlings: 12 months pre-breeding: 18-24 months pre-breeding or 2 months prior to birthing

Question 45

how many fighting teeth do they have?

Answer 45

6

Question 46

when should you start trimming fighting teeth?

Answer 46

3 years old

Question 47

how should you trim incisors?

Answer 47

to level of dental pad with rotary cutting tool or gigli wire

Question 48

what can cause anemia?

Answer 48

iron deficiency Mycoplasma haemolama heinz body anemia Haemonchus contortus neoplasia/myelodysplastic syndromes unexplained or chronic inflammation

Question 49

what is normal PCV?

Answer 49

25-45%

Question 50

what does anemia due to iron deficiency look like?

Answer 50

microcytic hypochromic serum iron low

Question 51

how often should a fecal exam be performed?

Answer 51

quarterly centrifugation

Question 52

are macrocyclic lactones as effective as benzimidazoles?

Answer 52

no

Question 53

what can you not give for deworming if <45 days pregnant?

Answer 53

albendazole

Question 54

what can you treat sarcoptic mange with?

Answer 54

dectomax topical amitraz

Question 55

what are the two presentations of Eimeria macusaniensis?

Answer 55

acute chronic

Question 56

how can Eimeria macusaniensis be diagnosed?

Answer 56

fecal float and wet mount surgical biopsy labwork nonspecific

Question 57

how can Eimeria macusaniensis be prevented?

Answer 57

pasture cleanliness isolation pen for show animals and outside breeders fecal surveillance keep crias from mature adults

Question 58

which teeth are most affected by tooth root abscesses?

Answer 58

premolars molars

Question 59

what are the common surgeries and diagnostic procedures?

Answer 59

castration abdominocentesis cerebrospinal fluid tap

Question 60

when is castration performed?

Answer 60

18-24 months, after reached skeletal height maturity

Question 61

why is castration at an early age not recommended?

Answer 61

delays closure of long-bone physes

Question 62

what should you give for pain control after castration?

Answer 62

flunixin meglumine meolxicam

Question 63

where is abdominocentesis performed?

Answer 63

right side of abdomen