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Campania** Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the most common rootstock used in Campania?

A

Campania is unique in that many of its vines are planted on their own rootstocks. The Phylloxera louse cannot survive in Campania’s volcanic soils.

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2
Q

What are the DOCG appellations in Campania?

A

four DOCG appellations for the ancient wines of Taurasi, Fiano di Avellino, Taburno and Greco di Tufo [Falerno del Massico is not DOCG]

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3
Q

What are the most common international grape varieties used in Campania?

A

Infrequent. Campania has remained focused on native grapes and has planted very little international grape varieties. Campania has at least 100 different indigenous grape varieties.

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4
Q

What was Falernum wine?

A

It was by far the most renowned wine from ancient Rome, likely a white wine possibly produced from Falanghina, Greco or Aglianico grapes on the slopes of Mount Falernus near the border of Latium and Campania.

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5
Q

What was the most famous vintage of Falernian wine?

A

the spectacular vintage of 121 BC was known as Opinian, after the ruling consul Opimius

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6
Q

What is the Falerno del Massico DOC named for?

A

It was named for Mount Massico, where the Roman wine god Bacchus is said to have appeared in human form to an old farmer, Falernus.

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7
Q

What grapes are used in Falerno del Massico DOC ?

A

the principal(red) grapes are Aglianico, Piedirosso and Primitivo; the principal white grape is Falanghina.

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8
Q

When did Falerno del Massico gain DOC status?.

A
  1. [121 BCE is the year of the greatest vintage,989 is a paired palindrome of 121 totaling 1100.]
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9
Q

What is the myth of Bacchus and an old farmer, Falernus?

A

The Roman wine god Bacchus is said to have appeared in human form at Mount Massico to an old farmer, Falernus. The farmer gave Bacchus milk, fruit and honey and, as a reward for his kindness, Bacchus turned his milk into delectable wine and turned the nearby slopes into vineyards.

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10
Q

 The role of the Greeks, Etruscans and Romans in the viticulture and winemaking of ancient Campania  The historic sub-regions of Campania
 The factors that influence the region’s climate
 Campania’s dominant soil types
 Key historical figures associated with the wines of Campania
  The “need to know” grape varieties and their main characteristics
 The key structural characteristics of Aglianico, Greco and Fiano.
 Key figures/producers associated with specific “need to know” grape varieties  The traditional vine training systems and where they are specifically adopted
What to know about DOC/DOCGs
 Where the “need to know” appellations are situated within the region
 The grape varieties and the principal wine styles of the “need to know” appellations  The climate, topography and soils of the “need to know” appellations
 The aging requirements of all the DOCGs
 Key figures/producers associated with specific “need to know” appellations

A
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11
Q

Which region in Italy has the highest population density?

A

Campania

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12
Q

When did Greek settlers arrive in Campania?

A

8th century BCE

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13
Q

Who introduced bush trained vines to Campania?

A

Greeks, termed alberello

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14
Q

When did Etruscan settlers arrive in Campania?

A

7th century BCE

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15
Q

What training system was introduced to Campania by the Etruscans?

A

tree trained vines, alberata [T:tree, trained, alberaTa]

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16
Q

When did Samnites settlers arrive in Campania?

A

5th century BCE

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17
Q

What is Campania’s topographical structure?

A

51% hills, 34% mountains, 15% plains

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18
Q

What is the mix of red and white grapes in Campania?

A

60% red

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19
Q

What is the most planted grape in Campania?

A

Aglianico (28% of total)

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20
Q

What is the most planted white grape in Campania?

A

Falanghina (12% of total, Malvasia Bianca di Candia is 2nd most planted)

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21
Q

What is the role of non-traditional grapes in Campania?

A

Barbera, Sangiovese and Malvasia Blanca di Candia were planted in the 50’s for productivity, but now gradually decreasing in favor of native grapes

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22
Q

What is the most important native red grape after Aglianico in Campania?

A

Piedirosso

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23
Q

What is the etymology of Piedirosso?

A

red foot, refers to the color of the stem when ripe

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24
Q

Name 3 grapes from Campania that are decreasing in terms of relative plantings?

A

Barbera, Sangiovese and Malvasia Blanca di Candia

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25
Name 3 grapes from Campania that are increasing in terms of relative plantings?
Fiano, Greco, Piedirosso
26
What are the typical tasting notes of Piedirosso wines?
pleasantly soft in overall mouth feel with bright, but integrated acidity demonstrating floral and red fruit aromas with underlying herbal notes; good blending partner for Aglianico
27
What are the typical tasting notes of Falanghina wines?
still, dry, unoaked, delicate floral notes and aromatic herbal notes with refreshing acidity
28
What are the variations of Falanghina?
two distinct varieties Flegrea and Beneventana [not biotypes, but different varieties]
29
Where would Falanghina Flegrea be most often found?
in Napoli and Caserta, particularly in the Falerno del Massico and Campi Flegrei DOC's
30
Where would Falanghina Beneventana be most often found?
in Benevento province (aka Sannio), specifically in Falanghina del Sannio DOC
31
Where is the home of the the Greco grape?
village of Tufo to the north of Avellino in Irpinia
32
What are the challenges of making Greco wine?
prone to fungal disease; late ripening, high polyphenol content, tendency to oxidize; high levels of volatile acidity
33
What is Aminea Gemina Minor?
ancient Roman grape with a tendency to grow a noticeable second wing on its cluster, suggesting a possible link to Greco which does the same
34
What does the name Greco refer to in context of grape varieties known as Greco Something?
varities used to make sweet wine in the Ancient Greek style, not necessarily from Greece (Robinson)
35
What is Campania's most noble white grape?
Fiano
36
Fiano is native to what area?
the town of Lapio in Irpinia
37
What is a distinction of the wine appellation of the town of Lapio?
It is one of a few Italian villages to be in two unrelated DOCG's, Fiano di Avellino DOCG and Taurasi DOCG. [true also for Montefalcione (not Montefusco-near Tufo]
38
Who saved the Fiano grape?
Antonio Mastroberardino [P]
39
What nearly destroyed the Fiano grape?
phylloxera and the two world wars
40
Where is the Biancolella grape from?
native to volcanic island of Ischia in Campania
41
What are the tasting notes for Biancolella wine?
moderate in alcohol and acidity, aromas of Mediterranean broom with notes of citrus, herb, almond and sometimes tropical fruit
42
What is the reason for and the importance of Campania’s ampelographic diversity?
the limited effect of phylloxera in the volcanic soils did not decimate native grapes, 100 exist
43
What is the synonym of Asprinio?
Greco biotype
44
What is the synonym of Greco di Tufo in Caserta?
Asprinio
45
What is significance of Mastroberardino?
Antonio Mastroberardino is considered father of Campania's modern wine industry, promoted native grapes, specifically saves the Fiano grape in the 1940's. [P]
46
What is the significance of Aversa DOC?
(Asprinio di) Aversa DOC in Caserta is based on the local Asprinio (Greco) which can be trained high with Alberata Aversana and labeled as such on the bottles; link to ancient Etruscan influence
47
In which region of Italy is Aglianico grown?
mostly Basilicata and Campania.
48
Which Aglianco appellation is in Irpinia?
Taurasi DOCG [IrpInIa>taurasI]
49
Which Aglianco appellation is in Basilicata?
Aglianico del Vulture DOC and Aglianico Del Vulture Superiore DOCG
50
Which Aglianco appellation is in Sannio?
Aglianico del Taburno DOCG [agliaNico/taburNo/saNNio]
51
What area in Campagnia is considered by many to be the first wine appellation in history?
Falernum during Roman times
52
What is the geographic location of the Penisola Sorrentina?
southern end of the Bay of Naples along the Campanian coastline
53
What is the relationship between the 5 provinces of Campania and the 4 historic sub-regions?
Avellino (Irpinia), Benevento (Sannio), Caserta (part of Terre di Lavoro), Naples, Salerno (Cilento)
54
What is difference between Greco and Greco Bianco?
Greco is a fine, ancient grape from Campagnia and Greco Bianco is a grape from Calabria [Bianco>calaBria]
55
What is significance of Coda di Volpe Bianca?
ancient grape producing full-bodied white from Campagnia; associated with Lachryma Cristi DOC, but also in Irpinia and Sannio
56
What is viticultural characteristics of Coda di Volpe Bianca?
moderate yields, mid-late ripening, high sugar level, medium acidity
57
What is the translation of Coda di Volpe Bianca?
white foxtail
58
What is the average land holding size for a wine grower in Campagnia?
< 12 acres in size (small!)
59
What is the wine quality pyramid in Campagnia?
20/10/70 (low proportion of quality wine, but steadily increasing)
60
What is significance of Roccamonfina?
extinct volcano in Campania, northern aspect of Falerno del Massico DOC
61
What is significance of Monte Massico?
calcareous massif in Campania, at the center of Falerno del Massico DOC
62
What is significance of Pianura Campana?
plain in Campagnia near Caserta
63
What is significance of Piana del Sele?
plain in Campagnia near Salerno
64
What is the etymology of Aglianco?
No longer thought to imply Greek origin (Ellenico/Hellas), but rather from Spanish "llano" implying grape of the plain
65
What is the origin of Aglianco grape?
ancient grape of southern Italy
66
What is a distinction of the wine appellation of the town of Montefalcione?
It is one of a few Italian villages to be in two unrelated DOCG's, Fiano di Avellino DOCG and Taurasi DOCG. [Also Lapio]
67
What is the significance of Leonardo Mustilli?
wine producer that championed Falanghina Beneventana [P]
68
What is Ischia's signature grape?
Biancolella
69
What grapes are used in Falerno del Massico Rosso DOC?
Aglianico based, added Piedirosso
70
Where is Primitivo found in Campagnia?
south and southeast of Monte Massico in Falerno del Massico DOC
71
What are the most distinctive wines of Campi Flegrei DOC?
varietal Falanghina and Piedirosso
72
What is the significance of Francesco Avallone?
wine producer in the 1970's who recovered and propagated old Falanaghina (usually Flegrea) vines in Falerno del Massico DOC at Villa Matilde
73
What is difference between Falerno and Salerno?
Falerno, humble farmer of Roman legend that lived in Caserta province; Salerno, southern province of Campagnia
74
What is the difference between Salento and Salerno?
Salerno, southern province of Campagnia; Salento is heel peninsula of Puglia
75
What is the etymology of Falanghina?
from the Greek word, phalanga, meaning stake or pole, in reference to the Greek method of training vines to single stakes
76
What is the significance of Falernum Faustianum?
highest quality of Falernum wine from mid-slope of Monte Massico
77
What is the signature red grape of the central Campanian coast?
Piedirosso
78
What is the significance of Procida?
island included in Campi Flegrei DOC
79
What are the soils of Campi Flegrei DOC?
sandy volcanic soils that prevent spread of phylloxera
80
What is the significance of Per' e' Palummo?
pigeon's foot, local name for Piedirosso grape in Campi Flegrei DOC
81
What is the significance of bradyseism?
periodic and gradual rising and lowering of the volcanic ground in Campi Flegrei
82
What is the significance of Lacryma Christi?
a sub-designation of Vesuvio DOC with slightly more stringent production requirements
83
What is the dominant red grape of Vesuvio DOC?
Piedirosso
84
What is the dominant white grape of Vesuvio DOC?
Coda di Volpe Bianca, (Lacryma Christi Bianco can be blended with Falanghina, Greco and others)
85
What is the significance of l'isola verde?
Ischia in Campania [not to be confused with insula vini ferax = Elba]
86
What was Campania's first DOC?
Ischia DOC
87
What is the significance of Monte Epomeo?
highest point of Ischia island [EPO opposite of ischemic]
88
What is "heroic" viticulture?
Vines planted on slopes greater than 30%; Vineyard sites at altitudes over 500 meters; Vines planted on terraces or embankments; Vines planted on small islands in difficult growing conditions.
89
What is the main training system for Costa d'Amalfi?
overhead pergola, own rootstocks, multiple native grapes, centenarian vines, terraced vineyards [OLD school > cOsta d'amaLfi Doc]
90
What is the base of Costa d'Amalfi Bianco?
Biancolella and Falanghina
91
What is the base of Costa d'Amalfi Rosso?
Piedirosso, Aglianico, Sciascinoso
92
What are the sub-zones of Costa d'Amalfi DOC?
Ravello, Furore and Tramonti
93
What region in Italy is famous for lemons?
sfumato on the Amalfi Coast for limoncello
94
What is the largest wine-producing district of Campania?
Sannio (aka Benevento), largest in both volume and plantings
95
What percent of wine from Sannio is DOC/G?
50%
96
What DOCG's are in Sannio?
only Aglianico del Taburno
97
What are the variations of Aglianico and where they are principally grown?
these are biotypes, Aglianco del Vulture, Aglianico di Taurasi, Aglianico del Taburno (or Agliancio Amaro) [ABV - Aglianico Basilicata Vulture; TaBurno B is for bitter Amaro]
98
Which Falanghina variety is associated with Falanghina del Sannio DOC?
Beneventana
99
What are the sub-zones of Falanghina del Sannio DOC (and Sannio DOC)?
Guardiolo, Sant'Agata dei Goti, Solopaca, (Solopaca Classico), Taburno
100
What is the significance of Sant'Agata dei Goti?
sub-zone of Falanghina del Sannio DOC where Mustilli recovered old vines (Beneventana)
101
How much varietal Aglianico is made in the Taburno sub-zone of Sannio DOC?
none
102
Qualitatively what is the most important wine district in Campania?
Irpinia [not Sannio which is largest producer]
103
Who is the founding father of Campania's modern wine industry?
Antonio Mastroberardino
104
Describe the altitude of the three different areas of Taurasi?
NW - lowest; NE - medium; S - highest
105
What is the significance of the Sabato River?
runs through Greco di Tufo DOCG and Fiano di Avellino DOCG
106
What is the relationship of Fiano di Puglia and Fiano di Avellino?
Fiano di Puglia is more aromatic, different variety (Robinson)
107
What is etymology of Lacryma Christi?
tears of Christ after Lucifer thrown out of heaven or from drip filtration used by monks in winemaking
108
What the three most renowned village for Greco grape in Campagnia?
Tufo, Montfulsco, Santa Paolina
109
What grape makes "a great little wine?"
Asprinio (Greco biotype) in Aversa in Caserta Province of Campania
110
What is the major river of Campania?
Volturno [Volcanic region > Volturno, but not in Basilicata!]
111
What is the longest river in southern Italy?
Volturno River
112
What river links Agliancio del Taburno DOCG and Taurasi DOCG
Calore River
113
What is the longest river in central Italy?
Tiber, then Arno
114
What is the longest river in Italy that empties into the Ligurian Sea?
Arno River
115
What is the longest river in Italy that empties into the Tyrrhenian Sea?
Tiber River
116
What are the principal advantages of Campanian viticulture?
climate, large number of native grapes, soils
117
What are the two most important rivers in Campagnia?
Volturno and Sele Rivers
118
Which of Campagnia's wine districts houses 3 of the 4 DOCG's?
Irpinia (Avellino)
119
Who wrote the disciplinare for Taurasi, Greco di Tufo and Fiano di Avellino?
Antonio Mastroberardino
120
Who saved the Lacryma Christi appellation?
Antonio Mastroberardino
121
What is the wine railroad?
Bulk wine (Aglianico) from Irpinia was shipped north to compensate for losses from phylloxera from late 19th to early 20th century
122
Which wine estate has been examining ancient frescos, root imprints, Roman authors, and DNA to identify the original grape varieties cultivated in Pompeii?
Mastroberardino

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