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LIFE 4116 > Campylobacter > Flashcards

Campylobacter Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main toxins used in campy pathogenesis

A

Cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt): causes G2 cell cycle arrest in cultured cells

Phospholipase (PldA): lyses erythrocytes

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2
Q

C. jejuni ss jejuni can be differentiated from ss doylei. Explain why

A

ss jejuni is resistant to cephalothin and sensitive to nalidixic acid

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3
Q

What are the methods of typing are used for the Campylobacter species

A

Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE)

Multi-locus Sequence Typing (MLST)

SNP Assays

Whole genome sequencing*

MALDI-ToF*

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4
Q

Campylobacter control strategies on farms

A

disinfections of poultry houses between flocks

use of chlorinated water for disinfection

strict biosecurity

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5
Q

The type of disease caused by Campylobacter species

A

Enteric Disease

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6
Q

The two species of campylobacter that cause bovine infertility

A
  1. C. fetus ss venerealis
  2. A skirrowii
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7
Q

In developed countries what are the peak incidence ages of Campylobacter infection?

A

0-4 years

20-24 years

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8
Q

Describe the treatment for a patient with a campylobacter infection.

A

Bed rest is the best option with IV to replace electrolytes and fluids

Second option is antibiotic therapy the first line being erythromycin, quinolones for increasing resistance and macrolides e.g azithromycin

Finally if resistant to the first line of antibiotics ciprofloxacin

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9
Q

Virulence/Bacterial factors that are responsible for Campylobacter invasion

A

Adhesins (CadF,CapA,PEB1,P95,JIpA)

Motility (polar flagella)

Secreted proteins (CiaB protein, T4SS, T6SS)

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10
Q

The 3 species of Campylobacter that cause ovine/bovine abortion.

A

C. fetus ss fetus

C. jejuni

Arcobacter cryoaerophila

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11
Q

Examples of future immunization strategies for campylobacter infections

A

Immunization

Bdelvibrio

Genetic Resistance

Bacteriophages

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12
Q

Campylobacter control strategies in home/restaurants

A

Correct handling of food to avoid cross contamination e.g separate cutting boards for veg and meat

Thorough cooking

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13
Q

Most human diseases associated with Campylobacter species are caused by

A

C.jejuni (80%)

C. coli (20%)

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14
Q

Most campy outbreaks occur in

A

the spring and autumn months

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15
Q

Campylobacter control strategies in processing

A

forced air chilling

good hygiene practices

scalding

organic acid treatment

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16
Q

Define Fastidious

A

Difficult to grow in a controlled environment due to complex nutritional and/or environmental requirements

17
Q

Which Campylobacter species test negative for the Hipurate test

A

C.coli

18
Q

What techniquesare used to isolate Campylobacter species from samples in the lab?

A

Selective Isolation (high temp-40c, microaerophilic O2 5%, CO2 10%, N2 85%)

Filtration (0.65 nm)

Pre-enrichment

Specialized Media [Rich, selective (Amphotericin B/CCDA)]

19
Q

What are the 7 species of Campylobacter that cause human disease?

A

C. jejuni

C. coli

C. lari

C. upsaliensis

C. jejuni ss doylei

C. fetus

Arcobacter butzleri

20
Q

Virulence Factors (def.)

A

The molecules that assist in bacterial colonization of the host at the cellular level

21
Q

Sporadic campy infections occur in the summer due to

A

Men, barbeques

22
Q

What are the four main symptoms of C. jejuni enteritis

A

Severe abdominal pain

Diarrhea (watery, watery w/blood, bloody low volume)

Fever

Nausea

23
Q

List the major sources of Campylobacter infection in humans

A

Birds(chickens,pigeons)

Mammals (cows, pigs) : C.coli

Flys

24
Q

Define septicemia

A

The presence of bacteria in the blood which is starting to spread to other areas in the body

25
Q

Transport medium suitable for Campylobacter transport

A

Cary-Blair

26
Q

What is a common contaminant in Campylobacter isolation plates

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

27
Q

How should stool samples be stored

A

Chilled and submitted to a lab within 24 hrs

Airtight containers to prevent desiccation and minimize air exposure

28
Q

Define bacteriaemia

A

The presence of of bacteria in the blood

29
Q

The economic impact of Campylobacter infection

A

Days off from work

Hospitalization cost (2.4 billion euros a year)

30
Q

Describe how hemolytic uremic syndrome can lead to kidney failure

A

Small blood vessels in the kidney become inflamed and damaged which can lead to blood clots. An excess of these blood clots can lead to kidney damage which if left untreated can lead to kidney failure

31
Q

What symptoms are necessary for a patient to require antibiotics for a campy infection?

A

High fever

bloody diarrhea

excessive bowel movements 8+ times a day

Symptoms lasting more than a week

Pregnancy

Immunocompromised states (e.g AIDS)

32
Q

What are the 5 pathogenic mechanisms campylobacter species use?

A

Toxins

Tissue invasion

Transcytosis

Molecular mimicry

Activation of host inflammatory mediators (IL-8, LTB4, PGE2)

33
Q

Define pathogenesis

A

The origination and development of a disease

34
Q

What are 6 examples of C. jejuni infection sequelae

A

Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS)

Acute appendicitis

Reactive arthritis

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Cholecystitis

Hemolytic Urine Syndrome

35
Q

Define sequelae

A

A condition that was caused by a previous disease

36
Q

How long is the incubation period of C. jejuni

A

1-7 days

37
Q

Campylobacter species are pleomorphic and take on different shapes during their life, what are they?

A

Curved/seagull shaped: alive

Coccoid: moribund/dead

Straight rod: lab cultivated

LIFE 4116 (2 decks)

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