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Geography > Canada's Human Geography > Flashcards

Canada's Human Geography Flashcards

0
Q

How do you calculate population density?

A

Number of people divided by the area

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1
Q

What is population density?

A

The amount of people per square km.

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2
Q

What province has the highest population density?

A

P.E.I

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3
Q

What territory has the lowest population density?

A

Nunavut.

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4
Q

Population distribution:

What are examples of a clustered area?

A

Urban Areas (big cities)

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5
Q

Population Distribution:

What is an example of sparse population distribution?

A

Rural areas (cottage country, farming areas)

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6
Q

Population Distribution:

What is an example of linear population distribution?

A

Along water (rivers, shorelines, oceans), Along borders (of countries or provinces/territories)

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7
Q

Population Distribution:

What are some population location factors?

A

Natural resources, landforms, history, soils, economic activities, transportation.

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8
Q

What are population pyramids used for?

A

They are used to compare countries population and predict future population trends.

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9
Q

What is an increasing population pyramid?

A

The largest group in the population pyramid is young age groups. And as you go up in age, the numbers get smaller.

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10
Q

What is a declining population pyramid?

A

The largest group is the elderly, and the numbers increase as you go up in age.

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11
Q

What is a stable population pyramid?

A

The numbers are relatively the same throughout the graph, with the older age group having smaller numbers.

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12
Q

What is birth rate?

A

Yearly number of live births per one thousand.

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13
Q

What is death rate?

A

The yearly number of deaths per one thousand.

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14
Q

What is natural increase?

A

The difference between the birth rate and the death rate.

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15
Q

What is immigration rate?

A

The number of new Canadians who have immigrated here from another country per one thousand of Canada’s population.

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16
Q

What is emigration rate?

A

The yearly number of people per one thousand who move elsewhere.

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17
Q

What is net migration?

A

The difference between people moving to a country and people moving elsewhere from that same country.

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18
Q

What is population growth rate?

A

The measurement that combines both natural increase and net migration to calculate the overall growth of a country’s population.

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19
Q

What is a dependency load?

A

Children between the ages of 0-19 and Adults 65+

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20
Q

What is the rule of 70?

A

The amount of years it will take for a population to double.

70/ percent of population growth= rule of 70

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21
Q

What are some major population trends?

A
  • The baby boom (1946-1946 after Second World War)

- Strong immigration 2001-2006

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22
Q

What are some of Canada’s changing demographics?

A

In years to come, the baby boomers will be age, creating a large dependency load. Health care and retirement care will be jobs in high demand.

23
Q

How do you calculate natural increase?

A

Birth rate - death rate= natural increase

24
Q

How do you calculate net migration?

A

Number of immigrants - number of emigrants= net migration

25
Q

How do you calculate population growth rate?

A

Natural increase rate + net migration= population growth rate

26
Q

What is a skilled immigrant?

A

To be accepted as a skilled immigrant you must qualify under the points system, usually need 67 points.

27
Q

What is a business class immigrant?

A

They must show that they are willing and able to make financial contributions to Canada’s economy. Must employ one person outside of your family. Need 35 points.

28
Q

What is a family immigrant?

A

The sponsoring family members agree to provide the immigrant with housing and other needs for 3-10 years of the new immigrant runs into financial difficulty.

29
Q

What is a refugee?

A

Someone who faces inhuman treatment in their country.

30
Q

What are some examples of push factors?

A

War, lack of human rights, lack of jobs, poor healthcare, corrupt government, lack of educational opportunities

31
Q

What are some examples of pull factors?

A

Reuniting with family, educational opportunities, jobs, climate, safe, economy, good health care

32
Q

What are the three main cities people immigrate to?

A

Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver (MTV)

33
Q

What are some reasons why immigrants choose to only go to a few cities?

A

Most job opportunities there, pleasant climate, culturally diverse, easily adaptable cities.

34
Q

What are some benefits immigrants bring to cities?

A
  • They fill the emigration gap
  • meet needs for skilled labor that Canada may not have
  • understand languages and cultures of Canada’s international trading partners
35
Q

What are some burdens immigrants put on cities?

A
  • overcrowding
  • more competition for jobs
  • more competition for affordable, low-income housing
36
Q

What are some immigration myths?

A
  • they are a drain on society are lazy and tend to live off social assistance
  • they don’t know how to speak English
  • they increase crime rates
37
Q

What is a First Nations?

A

A term more polite than “Indian” that refers to aboriginals who are not Inuit not Metis

38
Q

What is an Inuit?

A

The aboriginal people that originally lived in the arctic, they live mainly I. Nunavut, NWT, northern Quebec, and Labrador.

39
Q

What are Métis?

A

The aboriginal people who have both First Nations and European (French) ancestors

40
Q

What is a treaty?

A

An official agreement between the federal government and First Nations, where the aboriginals give away of their land (except for reserves)

41
Q

Why did aboriginals sign treaties?

A

For money and government assistance.

42
Q

What are some important principles established by the British Royal Proclamation of 1763 that were used in negotiating treaties?

A

One was that land ownership of the First Nations should be respected. The second was that the First Nations should get fair payment for the land they gave up.

43
Q

Where the principles established by the British Royal Proclamation of 1763 always respected?

A

No because small parts of reserves were given to the British, and the aboriginals only got small one time payments like clothing and blankets.

44
Q

What did aboriginals revive because of the Indian Act of 1876?

A

Usual cash payments, good, promises of fishing and hunting rights so they could live their traditional way of life.

45
Q

Why where aboriginal kids sent to residential schools?

A

To rid of their aboriginal culture, and become more like the British.

46
Q

Who ran residential schools?

A

The British.

47
Q

What was the issue with residential schools?

A

The aboriginal kids where removed from their homes, forced to abandon their culture, and hurt emotionally and physically.

48
Q

Why is a lack of self - government an issue for Aboriginal peoples?

A

They don’t have the right to decide when they fish and hunt, damaging their culture and economic base.

49
Q

Why do aboriginal peoples want the right to self government?

A

They believe it will strengthen and protect their culture. It will help develop social programs addressing isolation, alcoholism, suicide, sub-standard housing, drug abuse, and health.

50
Q

What is a forced removal (in relation to aboriginal peoples)?

A

Aboriginal peoples are often forced to leave their land because the government wants to use its natural resources.

51
Q

How did reduced land base affect aboriginal peoples?

A

The reduced land base results in less fishing and hunting, making it difficult to maintain culture. And the land they are living on is not large enough nor rich enough to support them.

52
Q

Why was Nunavut created?

A

To divide the enormous land of the NWT into two parts, and so that a comprehensive treaty could be created in Nunavut.

53
Q

Why is self government important to Nunavut?

A

Because most of their population is Inuit, so the aboriginals get a strong voice in parliament.

54
Q

What are some challenges facing Nunavut?

A
  • High cost of living
  • Population (many young children, fewer adults)
  • Unemployment rate over 40%

Geography (1 decks)

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