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canadas healthcare system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the BNA act?

A

british north america act, was later called the constitution

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2
Q

what did the BNA act do?

A

separated the provincial and federal areas of law, giving more power to the provinces (ex: healthcare)

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3
Q

what were the federal responsibilities under the BNA act?

A

indigenous health, contagious diseases, pharm and food safety

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4
Q

what is Pharmaceutical and Food Safety called now?

A

Health Canada

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5
Q

what were the provincial responsibilities under the BNA act?

A

public health, hospitals, mental health facilities, health education

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6
Q

what was the insanity act? what is it called now?

A

rights involving mental health facilities, now called the Mental Health Act

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7
Q

what is the Islamic root of asylums?

A

a retreat from society, valued early intervnetion

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8
Q

how did european asylums differ from islamic asylums?

A

europeans adopted the idea and put their own religious twist on them, they were built on demonic possession and sin

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9
Q

who cared for those with mental health struggles?

A

family, those who had no family were institutionalized

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10
Q

what was the first mental health hospital?

A

in London England, Bethlehem Royal Hospital

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11
Q

who was Philippe Pinel? what did he do?

A

began more humane treatment of mental health (removing chains), began social and psychological approaches, began moral therapy

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12
Q

why did moral therapy lack success?

A

because hospitals were overcrowded and pts needs were not being met

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13
Q

who is Dorthea Dix? what did she do?

A

an advocate for humane treatment for patients, met with the pope, infiltrated change in mental health facilities

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14
Q

what kind of radical mental health therapies emerged?

A

leeching, spinning, ETC (electroconvulsive shock therapy), hydrotherapy, insulin shock treatment, lobotomies

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15
Q

what was the effect of a lobotomy?

A

flat expression, not much going on, the frontal lobe was severed… unable to complete basic life needs

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16
Q

what was the effect of ETC? what is it used to treat today?

A

memory loss, and sleeping for days on end

much smaller amount is used to treat depression today

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17
Q

what changes occurred in the 1950s in mental health hospitals?

A

the use of psychotropic drugs

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18
Q

what did the use of psychotropic drugs lead to?

A

deinstitutionalization

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19
Q

what did deinstitutionalization lead to?

A

a decrease in pts in the hospital, a shift to a more humane way of treating pts that was less expensive and community based

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20
Q

why was deinstitutionalization not as successful as it was thought?

A

because there was a limited amount of resources, led to social isolation, stigmatization, and exclusion from the workforce, poverty

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21
Q

what did healthcare look like for the upper class?

A

at home dr visits, avoided hospitals

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22
Q

what did healthcare look like for the lower class?

A

religious organizations/charities funded, but visited hospitals, family provided care

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23
Q

what did the Order of St John do? what is the name of the organization now?

A

first aid and disaster relief, now known as St Johns Ambulance

24
Q

what did the Canadian Red Cross do?

A

home care, outpost hospitals

25
Q

what did the Victorian Order of Nurses (VON) do?

A

needs of women and children

26
Q

what did the Children’s First Aid Society do?

A

provide food and shelter for disadvantaged children

27
Q

what did the Canadian Mental Health Association do?

A

voluntary mental health organization

28
Q

what are the 4 sacred medicines?

A

tobacco, cedar, sage, sweetgrass

29
Q

who provided care traditionally to indigenous peoples?

A

shamans, medicine men/women

30
Q

what was the indigenous philosophy with healing?

A

connection with mother earth, harmony with spiritual and nature elements

31
Q

what changed with healthcare treatment after the world wars?

A

triage, an advancement in plastics (reconstruction), anesthesia, bloodbanks, xrays, oximitry, penicillin

32
Q

who invented/found penicillin?

A

Alexander Flemming

33
Q

what canadian medical discoveries came after the wars?

A

insulin, tx for breast cancer (mastectomy), stem cells

34
Q

what is the Social Safety net?

A

welfare

35
Q

what is welfare?

A

assistance granted to aid in the financial stress of the Great Depression

36
Q

what changed after the Great Depression with welfare (the Social Safety Net)?

A

citizens were entitled to a standard of living

37
Q

what is Canadian life prior to Medicare similar to?

A

the American medical system
privately delivered, drs weren’t getting paid, financial ruin… lots of ppl suffered bc they couldnt pay for it

38
Q

who is Tommy Douglas?

A

leader of the 1st socialist party of North America, he saw healthcare as a basic human right, and introduced government insurance, premier of Saskatchewan

39
Q

what is socialism?

A

a system where everyone takes care of everyone

40
Q

what was Tommy Douglas’s goal?

A

to remove money as a barrier to healthcare

41
Q

what was the Municipal and Hospital Services Plan?

A

a political plan to guarantee residents of Saskatchewan care based on insurance premiums

42
Q

what did the Health Insurance Diagnostics Service Act state?

A

all residents were entitled to health care services

43
Q

what prime minister introduced hospital insurance? what was this insurance plan?

A

John Deifenbaker, helped with 50 cents on the dollar

44
Q

what is the medicare act?

A

a plan where each province proposed a plan and ran it by the federal gvmt

5 pillars of health must be met

45
Q

what were the 5 pillars of healthcare?

A

universality
portability
comprehensive
public administration
accessibility

46
Q

what is universality? (5 pillars)

A

everyone is entitled to healthcare

47
Q

what is portability? (5 pillars)

A

health coverage comes with you when leave the province for a period of time

48
Q

what is comprehensive? (5 pillars)

A

all services provided if needed for health

49
Q

what is public administration? (5 pillars)

A

not run for profit

50
Q

what is accessibility? (5 pillars)

A

all insured people are guaranteed reasonable access to insurance

51
Q

what does medicare cover?

A

hospital costs and medically necessary interventions

52
Q

what happened in the 1970s?

A

healthcare flourished, health spending increased

53
Q

what was the result of healthcare flourishing and increased healthcare spending?

A

Federal Provincial Fiscal Arrangements and Established Programs Financing Act

54
Q

what is the Programs Financing Act?

A

funding relocated to community services, longterm care ambulatory care, and home care

55
Q

what did the Healthcare Reform do?

A

included hospital cutbacks, provinces paid more, extra billing, user fees, services were D-listed

56
Q

why did the Healthcare Reform contradict medicare? (1970s-1980s)

A

bc Tommy Douglas’s idea was that you cant have money be a barrier to healthcare

57
Q

what was the Healthcare Reform? (1990s)

A

liberals reduced funding to provinces, hospitals had trouble functioning and reduced budgets, lead to downsizing and cutbacks, lots of drs and nurses left the country

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