๐๐Canadian Geo1โฃ-9๏ธโฃ๐๐ Flashcards
(472 cards)
0
Q
The outward expansion of urban centers to nearby boundary areas, including farmland.
A
Urban sprawl
1
Q
A place where people could live, work, and shop without ever having to get in their car
A
Complete cities
2
Q
Traffic congestion in Canadaโs nine biggest cities costs the economy ______ dollars in delays, wasted fuel, and gas emissions
A
3.7 billion dollars
3
Q
Noxious mixture of air pollution
A
Smog
4
Q
What is another name for Canadaโs headland?
A
The Golden Horseshoe
5
Q
Environmentally conscious ways of constructing buildings
A
Green technologies
6
Q
The growth trend and increasing numbers of people living in cities
A
Urbanization
7
Q
What are the three largest cities in Canada and what percentages of the population do they make up?
A
Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver
Home to 35% of Canadians
8
Q
200-800 people (ex:Greenspond)
A
Village
9
Q
Identify the 6 types of land uses
A
- residential land:
- Transportation land:
- Commercial land:
- Industrial land:
- Institutional land:
- Open space and recreational land:
10
Q
What was the cause for the growth of the Western Canada
A
The growth of western Canada is due to the natural systems. Western Canada gave rise to many ports and trading posts. Had a moderate climate and an abundance of fish stocks. Also had good forests for the forestry.
11
Q
List 4 characteristics of smart growth urban planning
A
- mix land use: put homes, stores, and services within walking distance
- provide a variety of transportation choices
- create places for safe walking, biking
- protect green space
12
Q
area with at least 1000 people and a population density of at least 400/km2
A
Population centres
13
Q
greater than 10โ000 people (ex:St.Johns)
A
City
14
Q
Concept that involved plans for urban expansion that also preserve the natural environment
A
Smart growth
15
Q
Things Countries with the smallest ecological footprint have in common:
A
- Are developing countries
- Located in lower latitudes
- Relatively densely populated
- High fertility rates
- Limited medical service
- Low literacy rates
16
Q
Things Countries with the larges ecological footprint have in common:
A
- Are highly developed
- Are predominantly English speaking
- Are in middle latitudes
- Are consumer based communities
- Are demographic
- Have low fertility rates
- Have excellent medical service
- Have high literacy rates
17
Q
Why are green belts important
A
- insures environment management and conservation of natural resources
- they provide prime farmland to local farmers
- contain freshwater sources
- contain a number of Canadaโs endangered animal species
18
Q
List 5 factors that make up ecological footprint
A
- water use
- transportation use
- how much moneys you spend
- how much garbage your create
- how much living space you have
19
Q
With the _______ census, Statistics Canada created the term population center, to more specifically define urban areas
A
2011
20
Q
Land found in urban areas that is protected from development
A
Greenbelt
21
Q
is a term that geographers and planners use to identify the different areas that people use to work, shop, play, and go to school
A
Land use
22
Q
Vancouver, Montreal, and Toronto are home to ______% of Canadaโs population
A
35%
23
Q
Gradual increase in wealth that can be invested in new development
A
Accumulation of capital
24
What is the CMA with the largest population in Canada
Toronto
25
About ____% of nitrogen oxides that lead to the formation of smog is produced when we burn fuels in our cars, trucks, generate energy, etc.
95%
26
Why is the Golden horseshoe a popular place
The Golden horseshoe is a popular place for settlement because it has access to the waterways of the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes. This made a good transportation route and good trade route. Also had hospitable climate and rich soils
27
What is the fastest growing CMA in Canada
Calgary, Alberta
28
What rural place in NL had a 40.6% increase in population between 2006 and 2011
Paradise
29
The process of communicating electronically to work
Telecommuting
30
Distinguish between the terms rural and urban
Rural are places with low population densities and urban are places with high population densities and more crammed
31
The movement to reform the design of physical communities
New urbanism
32
Population centres are divided into three categories state them and how many people they each have
- Small: between 1000 and 29'999 people
- Medium: between 30'000 and 99'999 people
- Large: 100'000 or more
33
fewer than 200 people (ex:Swift current)
Hamlet
34
What are the opportunities and challenges of living in a resource-based community
A few opportunities of living in a resource-based community include many employment opportunities and other business opportunities. But a challenge of living in resource base communities is there is little accumulation of capital and if the resource runs out there are no longer any jobs
35
Why is the Golden Horseshoe known as Canada's heartland?
Because of the economic and industrial activity
36
1'000-10'000 people (ex:new Wes valley)
Town
37
The amount of the earth's resources it takes to support your lifestyle, measured in hectares
Ecological footprint
38
greater than 100'000 people
Census Metropolis Area (CMA)
39
What percentages of Canadians choose to live in large population centers?
81%
40
How many people live in the Golden Horseshoe
8.5 million
41
An estimated _____ Canadians hit the road everyday to go to work
10 million
42
When was confederation
1867
43
Immigration - emigration
Net migration
44
About ____% of aboriginals are Inuit
5%
45
What provinces have the highest growth rate in Canada
Yukon and Alberta
46
What is the major source of data for constructing population pyramids
A census which is usually taken every five years
47
What are the six factors of interest for the points system
- Education
- official language proficiency
- work experience
- age
- a prearranged employment in Canada
- adaptability
48
The population density of Canada is _____ per km
About 3.68 people
49
Between ______and ______ Canada's population doubled
1891 and 1921
50
What class do most immigrants who come to Canada come in as and what percentage are they
66.6% immigrants come in Canada in the business class
51
Formula for rate of natural increase
BR - DR /10 = rate of natural increase
52
Why did Europeans begin to explore lands across the Atlantic Ocean? What advances made this possible?
In 1453, overland routes to Asia were closed cuz da Turks captured Istanbul so they had to find a way to travel on seas. This was made possible by advances in shipbuilding, and navigational techs!
53
Who and when was the first French explorer to settle near st.Lawrence?
In 1541, Jacques Cartier
54
The measure of the number of people who live in a certain place at a specific time
Population
55
Most of Canada's population growth is due to ______
Immigration
56
Describe an expanding population pyramid
- Triangular pyramid shape
- linked to lower standards of living, least developed countries
- high birth rate due to poor birth control
- high death rate due to poor medicinal care
- greater percentage of population in the youth category
57
Which province has the lowest population density
NWT
58
In ______, Samuel to Champlain, French explorer, sailed up the St. Lawrence River and claimed the territory for France
1603
59
A large variety of different kinds of things
Diversity
60
In ________, John Cabot discovered NA
1497
61
descendants of European fur traders and aboriginal peoples who settle in the interior lowlands
Metis
62
Is the measure of how concentrated a population is in a certain area
Population density
63
The numerical study of the characteristics, trends, and issues of a population
Demography
64
a land that is legally owned by the government but has been set aside for the aboriginal people.
Reserve
65
Newfoundland the remained a self-governing colony until ______
1949
66
In ________, New France was established by Champlain
1608
67
Describe a contractive population pyramid
- Low birth rate
- low death rate
- small youth base
- well developed country
- longer life expectancy
- consists of greying population
68
About _______ loyalists settled in the Atlantic provinces, including 300 free black loyalists in Nova Scotia
30'000
69
What region is referred to by the term Acadia?
Nova Scotia, PEI, a part of Nova Scotia
70
somewhat like a test used to evaluate applicants have the necessary characteristics to settle successfully in Canada
Point system
71
Approximately ____% of aboriginals are Metis
30%
72
A federal organization whose members carry out population research
Statistics Canada
73
Formula for actual change
AC= (B+I) - (D+E)
74
What are the factors for the point system
```
6:
Education
Official language proficiency
Work experience
Age
Prearranged employment in Canada
Adaptibility
```
75
Identify the main cites to which people are migrating into Canada
Toronto
Montreal
Vancouver
76
Why does Alberta have the highest in migration than any other province
- experiencing an economic boom because of oil sands
- no provincial deficit
- no sales tax
77
The max number of points and emigrant can get is _____ and the passing mark is _____
100 and 67
78
A policy that encourages cultural diversity and respect for cultural diversity within a country
Multiculturalism
79
Who are responsible for handling immigrant matter?
Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC)
80
Which province has the highest population density
PIE
81
The world's population is _____
7 billion
82
Toronto is home to ________% of all immigrants to Canada
40%
83
What is the most populated country in the world
Monaco
84
The term First Nations began in ____ to replace the term of Indian
1970s
85
In _______ the British took control of Canada after the 7 years war
1763
86
Describe a stationary population pyramid
- Half an ellipse shape
- low birth rate
- Low death rates
- highlife expectancy
- high standards of living
- youth population is about equal to reproductive age group
- adequate number of labor force to support both younger and older populations
- example Canada
- developed countries
87
The country that has the world's largest population is ______ with ______ people
China with 1.4 billion people
88
How often do censuses happen
Every 5 years
89
term that refers to the aboriginal people who live in Canada's arctic regions
Inuit
90
The act of making difference the same
Assimilation
91
All the Maritime provinces that were owned by France. Newfoundland, PEI, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick
Acadia
92
In _______, New France was established by Champlain in what is now Quebec city
1608
93
The aspects of immigrant cultures that are brought to Canada and that enrich the Canadian cultural landscape
Cultural imprints
94
What is the formula for calculating birth rates
B
--- X 1000
TP
For every 1000 people
95
In _____, __________ decided that the colony needed more help. He arranged for more French settlers to come to new friends, including 1000 women
1665, jean talon
96
What is the most populated city in the world?
Tokyo with more people than Canada!
97
Canada's current population is _____
33.5 million people
98
How was France's approach to transatlantic fishery different form Britain's?
France was more interested in strengthening its position in NA by permanently colonizing the region.
99
Canada represents over ______ ethnic origins
200
100
term that refers to a distinct group of aboriginal people who share the same culture and history
First Nation
101
What functions to statistics Canada preform
- Collects all sorts of info about Canadians in order to from a picture of the nation
- is responsible for the national census
102
Challenges that prevent an immigrant from getting into another country
Intervening obstacles
103
One of the first explorers, ___________ set sail in _______ and discovered Newfoundland
Zuan caboto (juan cabot), 1497
104
Moving from place to place inside a country
Internal migration
105
What is Canada's birth and death rate
Birth: 11.3 for every 1000 people
Death: 7.3 for every 1000 people
106
What is the formula used for finding out the population density
Population
__________
Land mass (in km)
107
Largest city in Canada is_______
Toronto
108
What is the formula for calculating natural change
Births - deaths = natural change
109
the history, knowledge, and stories that heave been passed down through generations through talk
Oral traditions
110
When did the seven years war happen
1755 and 1763
111
What s Canada's population at time of confederation
1867: about 3.5 million
112
Lines that look like Contour lines that show air pressure distribution
Isobars
113
The act of fish laying their eggs and we're producing offspring
Spawning
114
The water that runs off the lands in rivers and lakes
Run off
115
Plant life
Fauna
116
Name Canada's 5 drainage basins
```
Arctic
Pacific
Hudson Bay
Atlantic
Gulf of Mexico
```
117
Describe the 3 types of pollution
Biological pollution
- bacteria and algae that enter lakes, rivers
- sewage from cities and towns are the largest source
- solved by reducing sewage from entering water supplies (sewage treatment plants)
Physical pollution
- least harmful but most obvious
- floating garbage, paper, tin cans, etc.
- these are easily seen and clean-up and prevention is simple
Chemical pollution
- most dangerous
- dumping of poisonous chemicals into rivers and lakes
Clean-up: there are two problems
- not able to completely stop chemicals from reaching water supplies
- do not have technology to clean it up once it's in the water
118
Describe the boreal coniferous forest natural vegetation biome
```
the northern forests that cover most of Canada. Newfoundland is mainly boreal forests.
Characteristics:
- cold winters but warm summers
- moderate amounts of precipitation
- consists of coniferous and deciduous
```
119
The plants that are native to an area rather than those that have been planted or grown by people
Natural vegetation
120
The distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees
Latitude
121
Describe the deciduous forests natural vegetation biome
forests that consist mostly of trees that lose their leaves in the winter
Characteristics:
- warm summers and winters
- moderate to high amounts of precipitation
- trees lose their leaves in the winter
122
Describe the mountain climate region
Temps and precipitation vary greatly
123
Canada is the main one system that blows from west to east
Westerlies
124
Describe the lower lakes climate region
Cool winter, hot summer, moderate precipitation
125
Improving our quality of life while using natural resources wisely so that they last and are available for future generations
Sustainable development
126
Describe the mixed forests natural vegetation biome
```
forest that acts as a transition, deciduous forests to coniferous forest
Characteristics:
- warm summers, cold winters
- lots of precipitation
- mix of coniferous and deciduous trees
```
127
Describe the mountain forests natural vegetation biome
forests that are found in mountainous regions where altitudes and soil conditions play a role in what can grow.
Characteristics:
-mixed forests in lower altitudes, then boreal, then tundra in high places
-altitude influences temperature range
-lack of good soil can be an issue on steep slopes
128
List and describe 4 reasons why salmon are disappearing in British Columbia
- global warming: warm ocean temps affect salmon causing them to breathe harder and tire out
- pollution of salmon streams and coastal waters: swage from towns, industrial waste, and garbage pollute the salmon's habitat
- overfishing: killing too many salmon could affect their population and could lead to extinction
- habitat loss: salmon's habitats are getting destroyed due to pollution, clear cutting, and salmon have nowhere to go
129
A community of plants and animals that interact with one another and with their physical environment
Ecosystem
130
Describe the tundra natural vegetation biome
```
land where it's too cold for trees to grow
Characteristics:
- no trees
- found in far north
- there will be grass and shrubs
```
131
chemicals that are added to soil to kill pests that compete with farm crops
Pesticides
132
Describe the prairie climate region
Cold winter, hot summer, dry
133
nutrients that are artificially added to the soil by farmers
Fertilizers
134
A fast-moving body of air at high altitudes the stairs weather systems and storms from east to west
Polar jetstream
135
Tools, machinery, and knowledge developed from human ingenuity and scientific advances
Technology
136
A climate to type with a wide any will range of temperature and low precipitation, influenced by its location away from the moderating influence of an ocean
Continental climates
137
Interconnecting networks, such as roads and rail lines, that move people and goods
Transportation system
138
Explain how systems thinking is the answer to living harmoniously with nature
- used to help us make better decisions as we work to create safer and healthier environments
- can help us to protect natural systems and to use resources so they last in the future
139
How much of the world's fresh water is located in Canada
9%
140
A system found in nature
Natural system
141
decayed remains of plants and animal life
Humus
142
the soil that is found in areas covered by forests with cool moist climates
Podzols
143
A locking method that involves cleaning an area of all it's trees at one time
Clear cutting
144
When two or more parts work together to produce an effect that is greater than the sum of its parts
Synergy
145
All the water and moisture on earth in all its forms
Hydrosphere
146
Electro magnetic energy radiation from the sun rant can cause damage to the skin and eyes
Ultraviolet radiation
147
How much of the fresh water on earth is in ice caps and glaciers
69%
148
Name Canada's 5 drainage basins
```
Arctic
Pacific
Hudson Bay
Atlantic
Gulf of Mexico
```
149
The structures or networks of basic services needed for the functioning of the community or economy
Infrastructure
150
A wet, moderate climate to type that is influenced by the closeness of an ocean
Maritime climate
151
How much of surface water are lakes
87%
152
Describe the temperate rainforest natural vegetation biome
```
area of large coniferous trees found In British Columbia
Characteristics:
- high amounts of precipitation
- warm all year round
- very big trees
```
153
An area of land that drains into a particular river system or body of water
Watershed
154
The natural system that involves the circulation of water through the atmosphere and the oceans. Also called hydrologic cycle
Water cycle
155
Describe the composition / parts of soil
1) air: necessary because plants need air around them
2) water: plants need water to grow, and also to help break down the minerals and humus
3) humus: decayed remains of plants and animal life
4) minerals: broken down rock particles that form either sand, loam or clay. They contain the nutrients that plant need to grow
156
Describe the Atlantic climate region
Cold winter, cool summer, moderate precipitation
157
The area of land from which all water received as precipitation flows to a particular ocean
Drainage basin
158
And natural boundary of altitude or latitude were trees can no longer grow
Tree line
159
At what speeds to polar jet streams blow at
300-500
160
How much of earth's water is fresh water
3%
161
A thin layer of gases that surround the earth
Atmosphere
162
The layer of earth in which plant and animal life evolve
Biosphere
163
A place where the water table is at ground level
Ex: swamps, bog, marsh
Wetlands
164
The earth's crust and the uppermost part of the underlying mantle consisting of rocks, minerals, and soil
Lithosphere
165
grassland soil rich in organic materials
Chernozems
166
A huge body of air with the same temperature and moisture conditions throughout
Airmass
167
Describe the grassland natural vegetation biome
land that is covered by grass because it's too dry to support larger plants
Characteristics:
- dry
- warm
- at risk biome, only 1/4 of Canada's natural grasslands still exist
168
Into which 3 drainage basins does the precipitation that falls onto the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains flow
Arctic
Gulf of Mexico
Hudson Bay
169
The atmosphere is made up of 78.09% _______
Nitrogen
170
The atmosphere is made up of 0.93% ________
Argon
171
Water found beneath the earth's surface in spaces in soil and bedrock
Ground water
172
State the impact of the Coriolis force
The earth's rotation on its axis causes winds in the northern hemisphere to be deflected to the right and winds in the southern to be deflected in the left
173
Regular predictable, normal wind direction for a given area or region
Prevailing winds
174
The process of decompositions and regeneration in nature
Decay cycle
175
Part of the world that experiences four seasons located in latitude from 40 to 60ยฐ north and south of the equator
Temperate
176
A person who studies and forecasts weather
Meteorologist
177
Describe the pacific climate region
Mild winter, warm summer, heavy precipitation
178
Something that is continuously changing
Dynamic
179
A narrow place of high land, such as the top of a mountain range, that separates one drainage basin from another
Drainage divide
180
They are features like fungi that eat and recycle nature's waste material
Decomposers
181
The ability to think and act based on an understanding of how the parts of a whole system interact and are interdependent
Systems thinking
182
The atmosphere is made up of _______ Carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen, methane, krypton, neon, ozone, xenon, and water vapor
0.03%
183
A layer of porous rock under the earth's surface that can store large quantities of water that can be trapped by drilling as well
Aquifers
184
A species that plays an important role in maintaining the function of the ecosystem
Keystone species
185
A set of parts that together form an interconnected whole
System
186
A cross section of different layers in the soil and rock below the soil and their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics
Soil profile
187
Integrated activities, such as manufacturing and transporting, that produce and deliver goods and services
Economic system
188
The atmosphere is made up of 20.95% ________
Oxygen
189
Describe the arctic climate region
Very cold winter, short cold summer, very dry
190
How much of fresh water is surface water
0.9%
191
A population of a particular species of salmon in a particular location
Salmon stock
192
Ten frozen parts of the hydrosphere
Cryosphere
193
A large region on earth, such as a rain forest or the desert, which is named for the distinct characteristics of the plants that live within it
Biome
194
The weather conditions of of articular region averaged over a long period of time
Climate
195
Describe the subarctic climate region
Cold winter, cool summer, moderate precipitation
196
๐ฃThe laying down of earth's materials๐ฃ
๐ฃDeposition๐ฃ
197
๐The breakdown of rock into smaller particles by wind, air, water, and chemical reactions.๐
๐Weathering๐
198
๐ฎBriefly explain the cause of the seasons๐ฎ
๐ฎAs the earth moves around the sun, it's axis points in the same direction causing the North Pole to lean toward or away from the sun. The tilt of the axis causes the seasons because certain parts of the earth receive more sunlight and heat while other parts receive less sunlight and heat.๐ฎ
199
๐
a large scale map that shows natural and human features in the earth๐
๐
Topographic maps๐
200
๐A method for solving problems๐
๐Spatial inquiry๐
201
๐What is June 21๐
๐summer solstice: June 21 longest day๐
202
๐ฏa branch of geography that involved, tools, techniques, and technologies to answer 'where' (spatial) questions.๐ฏ
๐ฏGeomatics๐ฏ:
203
๐political boundaries that follow physical features (ex, mountains, rivers, etc.)๐
๐Natural boundaries๐:
204
๐Metamorphic rocks๐
๐metamorphic rocks form when igneous and sedimentary rocks undergo heat/pressure changing them.๐
205
๐ฝa mass of ice which may be moving, or has moved, overland. ________ have tremendous weight and can gouge out huge chunks of rock, carry it away and drop it when it begins to melt๐ฝ
๐ฝGlacier๐ฝ:
206
๐What is on March 21๐
๐vernal equinox: March 21 we experience 12hrs day and 12hrs night๐
207
๐is the ability to observe and understand how different things are related within space on the earth's surface. It helps you understand where you are in relation to other things.๐
๐Spatial skills๐:
208
๐ญrecording accurate details about the earth's surface using sophisticated tools such as GPS๐ญ
๐ญsurveying and measuring๐ญ:
209
๐When an extra day is added on February 29th every four years๐
๐Leap year๐
210
๐งmeans equal nights and occurs twice a year. Once in the spring and once in the fall.๐ง
๐งEquinox๐ง:
211
๐The theory behind the movement of the earth's crustal plates causing earthquakes, volcanoes, and the formation of mountains๐
๐Plate tectonics๐
212
๐A small region with a distinct climate than the surroundings๐
๐Bio region๐
213
๐How much of the worlds earthquake happens in the pacific ring of fire๐
๐90%-81%๐
214
๐the four main directions: north, south, east, west.๐
๐Cardinal points๐:
215
๐Igneous rocks๐
๐Igneous rocks from when lava is ejected from beneath the earth's surface. The lava cools very quickly so crystals don't have enough time to form and solid rock form called igneous rocks๐
216
๐method used to determine the most effective pathway for transfer of formations, materials or peoples๐
๐Network analysis๐:
217
๐the division of the world into four hemispheres ( northern, southern, eastern, western)๐
๐Hemisphere๐:
218
๐ฐA visible effect of human activities on earth๐ฐ
๐ฐImprint๐ฐ
219
๐ญGeomatics is decided into 4 areas๐ญ:
```
๐ญGriffin Sure Makes Rand Cheery๐ญ
๐ญGIS๐ญ
๐ญSurveying and Measuring๐ญ
๐ญRemote sensing๐ญ
๐ญCartography๐ญ
```
220
๐ทmethod used to find the most efficient use of resources๐ท
๐ทOptimization analysis๐ท:
221
๐นmethod used to answer which objects are located within other objects๐น
๐นOverlay analysis๐น:
222
๐The movement of rock particles into other places๐
๐Erosion๐
223
๐represent linear features like roads and railways๐
๐Line symbols๐:
224
โ๏ธimaginary lines that run east and west on a map and measure the distance north or south of the equatorโ๏ธ
โ๏ธLatitudeโ๏ธ:
225
๐ฉa political boundary that does not follow physical features (ex, they follow lines of latitude and longitude)๐ฉ
๐ฉArtificial boundaries๐ฉ:
226
๐the daily spinning of the earth on its axis๐
๐Rotation๐:
227
๐ญa line of longitude that joins the north and south poles and measures 0 degrees longitude passing through Greenwich England.๐ญ
๐ญPrime meridian๐ญ:
228
โ๏ธAn area of land that drains into a particular river system or body of waterโ๏ธ
โ๏ธWatershedโ๏ธ
229
๐ผThe difference in interval between each contour line๐ผ
๐ผContour interval๐ผ
230
๐the natural features ( mountains, plains, rivers) and human features (buildings)๐
๐Landscape๐:
231
๐ปWhat is Canada's highest mountain, what is its height, and where is it found๐ป
๐ปCanada's highest mountain is found in the southern western part of the Yukon-Mount Logan with a height of 5959m.๐ป
232
๐the yearly path (orbit) of the earth as it travels around the sun๐
๐Revolution๐:
233
๐คa systematic method for conducting research and solving problems (pg34)๐ค
๐คGeographic inquiry๐ค:
234
๐ซa side view of land that shows its height๐ซ
๐ซRelieve profile๐ซ:
235
๐any spot or area on the surface of the earth.๐
๐Place๐:
236
๐2 plates separate, causing one plate to drop๐
๐faulting๐:
237
๐the exact location of a place measured by latitude and longitude (ex, cape spear in nl is the easternmost place at 52 37w longitude๐
๐Absolute location๐:
238
๐นmisleading information that presents an unbalanced, one sided point of view leaves out important facts or shows prejudice๐น
๐นBiased๐น:
239
โ๏ธimaginary lines that run north and south on a map and measure the distances east or west of the prime meridianโ๏ธ
โ๏ธLongitudeโ๏ธ:
240
๐นan influence that people or things have with each other ๐น
๐นInteraction๐น:
241
๐ตmethod used to explore the distance between toe objects of interest๐ต
๐ตBuffer analysis๐ต:
242
โฐone-sixtieth of a degree of latitude or longitudeโฐ
โฐMinutesโฐ:
243
๐ญcomputerized system for mapping and analysis based on spatial data that answer specific questions๐ญ
๐ญGIS๐ญ:
244
๐are colored patterns that represent physical features like woods and lakes๐
๐Area symbols๐:
245
๐พa numerical scale for expressing the magnitude of an earthquake on the basis of seismograph oscillations๐พ
๐พRichter scale๐พ
246
๐ a complex problem that needs to be solved๐
๐ Issue๐ :
247
๐
What is on September 21๐
๐
autumnal equinox: September 21 we experience 12hrs day and 12hrs night๐
248
๐two plates are squeezed (compressed) together, causing the land in between to rise up.๐
๐folding๐:
249
๐a long narrow arm of the sea which is a result of the "drowning" of a glaciated valley๐
๐Fiord๐
250
โฉa symbol that identifies the direction on a map and is usually pointing northโฉ
โฉDirectional symbolโฉ:
251
๐improving our quality of life while using natural resources wisely so that they last and are available for future generations.๐
๐Sustainable development๐:
252
๐the 0 line of latitude that circles the earth from west to east๐
๐Equator๐:
253
๐represent specific symbols like bridges or buildings๐
๐Point symbols๐:
254
๐ญcollecting information about the characteristic of an area from a distance using tools such as satellite imagery and aerial photography๐ญ
๐ญremote sensing๐ญ:
255
๐a rule used for reading and making maps๐
๐Map conventions๐:
256
ใฝ๏ธthe shape, the slope, and the altitude of the earth's surfaceใฝ๏ธ
ใฝ๏ธReliefใฝ๏ธ:
257
๐the ability to last into the future without demolishing the property๐
๐Sustainable๐:
258
๐What is December 21๐
๐Winter solstice: December 21 shortest day๐
259
๐A gigantic fast moving wave caused by an undersea earthquake๐
๐Tsunami๐
260
๐Words related to geography inquiry๐
๐Analyze
๐Synthesize
๐Evaluate
261
๐a reference number and letter assigned to a grid on a map๐
๐Coordinates๐:
262
๐ฏa description of where something exists in relation to other places by water, land, transportation, technology (Pearson academy is 5 mins away from my house)๐ฏ
๐ฏRelative location๐ฏ:
263
๐ฏis the study of how the earth works and how people interact with their earthly home.๐ฏ
๐ฏGeography๐ฏ
264
๐ magma pushes the land up from underneath๐
๐ Volcanic pressure๐ :
265
๐Describe how the Rocky Mountains were formed๐
๐These mountains were formed when the pacific plate went under the North American plate by force, creating folds and faults. That and along with the volcanic activity are how the mountains were created๐
266
โญ๏ธan area that shares certain or similar characteristics (ex, landscape, climate, or human activitiesโญ๏ธ
โญ๏ธRegionโญ๏ธ:
267
๐Where do most major earthquakes and volcanoes occur?๐
๐The pacific ring of fire has many oceanic trenches, volcanic mountain ranges, and a lot of plate movement occurs there๐
268
๐A rule used for reading and making maps๐
๐Map conventions๐
269
๐the time (June and December 21) at which the overhead is furthest from the equator and appears to stand still before returning towards the equator๐
๐Solstice๐:
270
๐ธa computerized system for input, management, mapping, and analysis of data that answers specific questions๐ธ
๐ธGeographic information system (GIS)๐ธ :
271
๐reference lines on a map. They're usually at right angles and used to locate places and things๐
๐Grid๐:
272
๐The height of land above sea level๐
๐Elevation๐
273
๐Sedimentary rocks๐
๐sedimentary rocks form when rock sediments are carried away and laid down into layers. The lower layers get compressed and harder into different layers of rocks.๐
274
๐ญeffective map making to ensure that the special story is told๐ญ
๐ญcartography๐ญ:
275
The treaty, designed to limit the production of greenhouse gases that was fear and thereby reduce impact of global warming
Kyoto protocol
276
________ Is the biggest user of nuclear power in Canada
Ontario
277
Oil is found underground in the holes in _____________, sandwiched between two layers of ______________
A porous rock
| Nonporous layers
278
Canada is now taking a _________ approach, including regulations on ____________ and ____________
Sector by sector
Vehicle emissions
Coal fired electric plants
279
_________ has a lot of volcanic activity and therefore get a lot of their energy from geothermal sources
Iceland
280
The value of oil production in NL in 2011 was $____
10.7 billion
281
Carbon dioxide makes up about ____% of the greenhouse gases
55%
282
A revolving engine that changes the energy of a moving stream of water into mechanical energy
Turbine
283
The suns energy is converted into heat when sunlight enters a building through windows and is absorbed through the walls, floors, and furniture
Passive solar power
284
A substance made from coal, is also used for smelting of steel
Coke
285
A combination of evaporation and transpiration that the current plan services
Evapotranspiration
286
_______ Is used to make gasoline, cosmetics, car, and almost all plastics
Oil
287
Hydroelectric energy needs ___________ to work
Water and slope
288
The use of equipment such as photovoltaic solar panels or fans to convert solar energy into heat
Active solar power
289
The movement of carbon and oxygen through the Earth systems
Carbon and oxygen cycle
290
A gradual increase in the average temperatures of the earth due to increasing levels of greenhouse gases in atmosphere
Global warming
291
Having energy from the break up of atoms that moves through the air
Radioactive
292
A device which uses hydrogen as fuel source and oxygen as an oxidant to produce electricity for continuous long term operations of a motor vehicle where the only waste product is water or water vapour
Hydrogen fuel cell
293
Mucky areas of sand mixed with oil
Tar sands
294
The fuel used for nuclear power is __________ and is cheap and abundant
Uranium
295
A map that contains several shades of one colour
Graded shading maps
296
Permanently frozen ground found in polar regions
Permafrost
297
In Canada today, Coal is mostly used to keep ________ running
Powerplants
298
Hydroelectric energy is a _________, meaning it does not burn any of the three fossil fuels
Flow resource
299
Most of Canada's coal comes from _______
Alberta
300
Ethanol is a form of _________ made from ________
Alcohol and different plant matter
301
Countries like ________ are becoming more ________ and therefore need more energy
China and industrialized
302
The study of the distribution and interconnections among economic activities, including business, and the straight, trade, and transportation
Economic geography
303
A device that converts sunlight directly into electricity
Photovoltaic cell
304
The process of plants giving off Moister
Transpiration
305
The mixture of methane and carbon dioxide, produced from the decay of sewage or plants matter, that is used as fuel
Biogas
306
One car produces ____ times its weight and carbon dioxide every year
3.5
307
Companies use _______ as biofuel
Wood
308
Coal releases ____% more carbon into the atmosphere than oil does and ____% more than natural gas
29% and 80%
309
The absorption of heat energy by greenhouse gases and radiation into the atmosphere
Greenhouse effect
310
The use of heat from deep underground to generate electricity
Geothermal power
311
Over ____% of all north American corn is used for ethanol production
20%
312
Gases, liquids, or particles into the atmosphere from a source, such as vehicles burning gasoline
Emission
313
Long term changes in the climate of a place due to natural processes or as the result of human activities; often used interchangeably with global warming on a global scale, but is more specific in may also include cooling, or changes and precipitation, storm frequency, and when intensity in some places
Climate change
314
Homeowners should use __________ and high efficiency furnaces and windows to reduce heat use un the home
Insulations
315
Fuel made from different kinds of plants matter used to power motor vehicles
Ethanol
316
Natural gases found above the oil in __________
Non-porous rock
317
Using ______ and ______ is a key part of bringing down the greenhouse gas emissions
Hydrogen and fuel-cell technologies
318
Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapour that trap the heat of the sun in the atmosphere, affecting climate
Greenhouse gases
319
There are oil Fields __________ in Canada
East and north continental shelfs
320
Tidal power is a natural alternative for __________. Where tides are the highest in the world
Nova Scotia
321
Soft, layered sedimentary rock made up of compressed mud or clay
Shale
322
The mouths of large rivers where they flow into the sea
Estuaries
323
Fuel rods containing __________ are used to heat water. The steam created ___________ to create energy
Radioactive radium and turns turbines
324
When goods and services are sold to another country
Exporting
325
A rating of a country social system, such as education and health care, as well its economic systems
Development status
326
The unrestricted trade between countries so that there are no tariffs, penalties, or limits of any kind on the scale of goods and services
Free trade
327
An international organization that was formed to create peace, security, and cooperation among other the countries of the world
United Nations
328
The basic rights and freedom to which all humans are entitled, including the rights to life and liberty, freedom of thought and expression, and equality before the law
Human rights
329
The UN operates in ____ countries
191 countries
330
An organization which encourages peace and universal respect among countries; designates world biosphere that preserve world heritage sites to preserve unique cultural natural sites
(UNESCO) The United Nations' Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization
331
Increasing integration of economies, trade, financial services, and culture from around the world
Globalization
332
Activities related to people traveling to and staying in places other than their normal home environment for adventure, leisure, education, or business purpose
Tourism
333
A payment of money given by the government to offset the cost of producing a good or service
Subsidy
334
An organization like the red cross that makes money and supplies for developing regions. Often involves secondary school students their programs like world vision 30 hour famine event
(NGOs) Non Government Organizations
335
An organization that develops guidelines for international
World Trade Organization
336
The income generated from goods or services
Revenue
337
Independence of world's nations is being weekend, and people are becoming citizens of the world, not just of the country
Political aspect
338
The concept that people around the world can interact almost as easily as if the world were won the large village due to the advances in communication and technology
Global village
339
Being composted of similar elements
Homogeneity
340
When goods and services are brought into a country
Importing
341
And indicator used to measure the well-being of people in a country by examining three major factors: life expectancy, education, and standard of living
Human Development Index
342
Is the planned use of murder, injury and fear in order to achieve certain goals
Terrorism
343
An agreement signed in 1992 by Canada, the US, Mexico, and allow tariff free trade in goods and services
(NAFTA) North American Free Trade Agreement
344
Travel within canada
Domestic travel
345
Countries that have a high standard of living on average and a highly developed economy
Developed world
346
An organized social movement that encourages the trade of products such as coffee, chocolates, or carpets; ensures that theres no child or forced labour, that workers have humane working conditions, and that they receive a direct and equitable share of profits
Fair trade
347
The practice of buying Canadian products instead of goods produced elsewhere
Import substitution
348
Countries that have a low standard if living on average as a result of low GDP
Developing world
349
A developing country with a rapidly growing economy and an average standard of living that is increasing
Newly industrialized country
350
The use of military activity between morning state. It's a high-profile activity of the UN
Peacekeeping
351
Travel beyond Canada's borders
International travel
352
The direct and indirect effect on the economy caused by activity in one part of the economy
Multiplier effect
353
Free flow of goods and capital in the rise of consumers on a global scale as well as many environmental issues worldwide
Economic aspect
354
A tax imposed when a product is brought into a country
Tariffs
355
Globalization is leading to the loss of cultural diverse city and an increase in cultural homogeneity
Cultural aspect
356
An agency established by the federal government to help countries that require humanitarian assistance and to promote sustainable development within these countries
(CIDA) Canadian International Development Agency
357
National agreement only signed in Kyoto Japan
Kyoto protocol
358
Economic activity that involves the provision of services related to the creation of knowledge, ideas, research and development, and technology
Quaternary industry
359
An economic activity that extracts or harvests natural resources from the environment
Primary industry
360
What are some pros/cons of the aquaculture fishery?
Pros:
- main economic base of many coastal communities
- farmed fish are rich in omega 3 fats and are equally as healthy to eat as wild fish
- farmed fish provide a large supply of protein while wild fish stocks decline
Cons:
- fish are raised in densely packed net cages so diseases spread quickly
- farmed salmon contains more fat than wild salmon more toxic contaminants like pesticides that may affect human health
- antibiotics and pesticides to prevent disease contaminate water which kills wild salmon and could harm the consumer
361
Explain the significance of the fishery in NL
- direct employment
- percentage contributed to the gross national product: total value of goods and services in a nation over a year
- spinoff employment: food (restaurant), trucking industry, dockside, grading, etc
- income for government:
* royalties used by government to stimulate other economic ventures
* royalties used for infrastructure development (roads, hospitals, etc)
362
What are 4 Factors that cause a change in the market demand
1. Income
2. Population
3. Taste and preference
4. Expectations
363
the sum total of all the consumer demands for a good or service. It is the buying habits of thousands of consumers that decide the demand for most goods.
Market demand schedule
364
5 reasons why wetlands are important
- they filter our drinking water
- store water
- provide home for wildlife
- provide recreational opportunities
- provide food
365
An instrument that measures the earth's magnetic forces
Magnetometer
366
To extract a resource and prepared it for market
Develop
367
Storing carbon that would otherwise contribute to global warming
Carbon sinks
368
The difference between imports and exports
Balance of trade
369
The act of fishing for pleasure or competition
Recreational fishing
370
What is it called when we need the raw materials and the jobs nature provides
Trade off
371
Which area is the largest single producer of Nickel in the world
Sudbury Ontario
372
Chickens who are allowed to roam freely and are not kept in cages or crowded barns
Free-range
373
Fish farming; breeding and growing of fish in controlled spaces
Aquaculture
374
The outer edge of the continent that extends below the surface of the ocean
Continental shelf
375
Money given to farmers by the government to offer some help of the expensive cost like expensive machinery or high fuel prices
Subsidy
376
An economic indicator that measures the value of all goods and services produced in one country in one year
Gross domestic product (GDP)
377
Of the total forested area in Canada almost ____% is considered commercial forest
57%
378
* The quantity demanded varies inversely with price, as long as things don't change
Law of demand
379
Agriculture generates _____% of Canada's GDP and provides jobs directly or indirectly, for one in every ______ Canadians
1.7% and 86 Canadians
380
A place where the water table is ground level
Wetlands
381
A general direction of change in data or in a variable of interest over a long period of time
Trend
382
A plan that exact district in NL requires which is a long term goal for an area to be logged
Forest management plan
383
Wood that has been prepared for use as a building material
Timber
384
_______ has the least percentage of total crop area in the country (___%)
NL and 0.005%
385
Moral of principles or values
Ethics
386
______ has the greatest percentage of total crop area in the country (___%)
PEI and 71.2%
387
Canada has _____% of the world's population and _____% of the world's fresh water. however we only have _____% of the useable water
0.5% and 20% and 7%
388
Explain the 5 types of mining
* Strip mining: involves the removal of the soil that covers a mineral deposit located near the earth's surface. This is usually associated with coal mining and is particularly damaging to the environment
* Quarrying: involves cutting stone such as marble or granite into blocks for removal
* Drilling off oil: drilling of oil wells to extract oil and natural gas
* Open pit: some minerals are close to the surface and need digging an open pit
* Underground: some minerals are buried deeper underground and need digging shafts and tunnels in the ground
389
Give examples of groundfish
Cod, pollock, haddock, sole, halibut, etc
390
List and explain 3 types of minerals
- non metallic: a mineral such as salt or potash, that is not a metal
- metallic: a mineral that is metal such as iron or nickel
- fuel metallic: a fossil fuel mineral such as coal or oil and natural gas
391
like lobster, crab, mussels that are found on the ocean bottom and usually caught in traps or weirs
Shellfish
392
Anything from the nature that can be used by people
Natural resources
393
To lower the quality of the resource
Degrade
394
The amount of fish species that may be caught by one boat or by a group of fishers in one year
Quota
395
An economic activity that provides services
Tertiary industry
396
The best fishing areas located in the warm shallow waters of the continental shelf
Fishing banks
397
A floating net that encircles a school of fish and is closed by a line that resembles a downstring
Purse seine
398
More than _____% of the illnesses people experience in developing countries are water related
80%
399
This heating and melting of ore to extract a pure metal
Smelting
400
used and replaced simultaneously. Ex: water, wind, sunlight
Flow resources
401
the four provinces of Ontario, Saskatchewan, British Colombia, and Quebec produce about ____% of the total value of Canada's minerals
80%
402
Land suitable for growing crops
Arable land
403
* A straight line or curve on a graph illustrating the demand schedule for a product
Demand of curve
404
The rerouting of water from one drainage basin to another
Water diversion
405
Changing ownership of a property or resource from public ownership by government to private ownership by an individual or business
Privatization
406
The process of growing plants and animals without using synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, etc.
Organic agriculture
407
A device used to trap fish made of a net supported by a wooden stakes
Weirs
408
practice of cutting down all trees in a strip of forest 20-100m wide leaving uncut strips of forest in between
Strip cutting
409
List 4 strategies for a sustainable fishery
- put a ban on species that are at a risk allowing them to rebuild
- fishermen need to diversify
- governments need to stop giving licenses to foreign fishing companies
- banning of certain types of fishing gear that have a negative impact on the environment compared to hook and line which are friendly
410
List 3 reasons for the abundance of fish off NL
- cold Labrador current flowed form the north and meets the Gulf Stream causing the water to be nutrient rich
- sunlight reaches the shallow ocean floor of these rich fishing regions and supports the growth of plankton which is the main source of food
- many forms of coral have been discovered along the coral reefs of Nova Scotia's continental shelf which is believed to be a keystone species
411
List 5 most important factors that farmers have to consider that affect farming
- climate
- landforms
- soil conditions
- low crop prices
412
Economic activity that uses unprocessed raw material from primary industry to manufacture consumer products
Secondary industry
413
The rock that contains enough of a particular type of mineral make it worthwhile to develops a mine
Ore
414
The act of fishing for commercial profit
Commercial fishing
415
A set of moral principals or beliefs about what is right and wrong when considering the use of water
Water ethics
416
A large-scale form of agriculture where large numbers of animals are kept in the confined spaces and treated with hormones and antibiotics to maximize growth and prevent disease
Factory farms
417
The amount that natural resources contribute to the GDP each year varies slightly, but is around _____% of the total
13%
418
Forested land that is capable of producing marketable products
Commercial forest
419
A straight line or curve on a graph illustrating the supply schedule for a product
Supply curve
420
In ______, the Canadian government signed the international law of the sea treaty, which sets an imaginary boundary lines that marks a 200 nautical mile limit from a countries coastline
1977
421
Sustainable management of small areas of local forest that involves input from all stakeholders who work together as a team
Model forest
422
to last into the future, can either renew or recycle itself before being used, or be replaced with other resources
Sustainable resource development
423
A logging method that involves clarion area of all it's trees at one time
Clear cutting
424
A funnel shape net that is attracted to a stirs trawler by towing cables, as the net is towed along the sea floor, two large door like boards hold the net open to scoop the fish (is most destructive)
Otter trawl
425
The message of firming that is profitable, protects the environment, conserve natural resources, and supports the real community, and that will last into the future
Sustainable agriculture
426
Anything that is different from what is common or usual; characteristics of rock that are different from surrounding rock
Anomalies
427
And ethical responsibility for looking after the natural environment
Stewardship
428
Describe some recent trends in Canada's fisheries
- demand for fish is going but stocks are declining
| - Fishfarming increased which is helping to sustain rural and coastal communities
429
An economic resource such as raw material or agriculture product that is exchanges for money
Commodity
430
mining produces about ____% of NLs total GDP
8.6%
431
exist in finite amounts. Metallic minerals, fossil fuels
Non renewable
432
List 3 examples of global trends that have an effect on Canada's natural resources
- control of natural resources is more concentrated in the hands of large international companies
- people are becoming more concerned about the condition of the natural environment
- humans are inventing more advanced techs for extracting and protecting natural resources
433
Acid precipitation
Acid rain
434
An organization created by a Canada - US treaty to prevent and resolve disputes over shared water and to approve water projects affecting both countries
International joint commission
435
to last into the future, can either renew or recycle itself before being used, or be replaced with other resources
Sustainable resource development
436
Fish that swim in open water like sardine and salmon
Pelagic fish
437
The UN suggests that ____ liters of water per person per day is a minimum for daily uses
50 liters
438
Detailed study that tries to determine the potential environmental impact of a proposed development
Environmental assessment
439
The particular types of labour that are done in exchange for pay
Industry
440
is a form of harvesting that removes only the desired trees and leaves the other ones that are immature and undesired species intact
Selective cutting
441
A simple device consisting of an enclosed structure with an opening in the side or the end
Lobster trap, crab pot
442
An area of low land covered with shallow water
Fen
443
some mature trees are cut, others are left to provide shade for the growth of younger trees and seedlings (shelter wood cutting allows for a sustainable harvest)
Shelterwood cutting
444
Molten waste material from nickel smelting
Slog
445
A part of the process that removes impurities when metal is separated from rock ore in which it is found
Refining
446
Finely ground up rock left over after the mineral has been extracted
Trainings
447
A large scale farming business that carries out all the steps involved in producing food
Agribusiness industry
448
A system in which a country produces and distributes goods and services in order to create wealth
Economy
449
To remove a resource from the earth
Extract
450
can be replaced naturally. Ex: forests, wild animals
Renewable resources
451
How will groundwater become contaminated?
- industrial spills
- leaks from pipelines and chemical tanks
- agriculture waste such as pesticide
- animal manure
452
the responsiveness of buyers to changes in price. Demand is elastic if buyers respond strongly to changes in price and inelastic if buyers respond weekly to changes in price.
Elasticity of demand
453
In what year did the government place a moratorium on cod stocks in NL
1992
454
The sale of products or service to another country
Exports
455
To provide direction and guidance on how to use a resource
Manage
456
About ____ million people in Canada and the US depend on the Great Lakes that forms the largest fresh water system in the world
40
457
More than _____% of the water in Canada's rivers flows into the Arctic and is unavailable for the densly populated southern ecozones of the country
50%
458
Only about ____% of Canada's land is arable
7%
459
A fee payed to the government for use of resources
Royalties
460
To maintain a resource in it's existing state
Preserve
461
A net that can be used in shallow or deep water, the net consists of a mesh that is suspended to hang like a wall on the ocean bottom (referred to as ghost nets)
Gill net
462
My name generates about $____ a year for Canada
$80 million
463
Give examples of pelagic fish
Sardines, mackerel, herring, anchovies, tuna, salmon, etc
464
Canada has ____% of the world's total wetlands
25%
465
Water that is held in focus that is located under the surface of the earth and is naturally filtered by several layers of sand and gravel which help to clean it
Groundwater
466
The wealthy industrial world represents about ____% of the world's population but consumes about ____% of its resources
20% and 80%
467
Fish that prefer to live on the ocean floor along the bottom of the shallow continent shelves like cod
Ground fish
468
A large company that has business in several countries
Transnational corporations
469
List and describe 4 reasons for the decline in cod fishery
- temp: slight drop in the temp which drives certain fish out of their habitat
- increase in the number of seals put pressure on the marine ecosystem
- foreign factory freezer trawlers permitted to fish for cod
- too many fishermen chasing too few cod (greedy)
470
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a fatal disease in cattle China causes sponge-like holes in the brain and destroys the animals nervous system
Mad cow disease
471
__________ is a prime location for future mining exploration because of its vast Canadian Shield rock
Nunavut
