Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Rx for malignant ascites in palliative care

A

Furosemide
Spironolactone
Dexamethasone

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2
Q

Most common type and place of pancreatic cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma, Head of the Pancreas (approx. 60-70%)

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3
Q

RF for pancreatic cancer

A

Smoking
Alcohol Overuse
Diabetes
Obesity
Prior Gastrectomy/Cholecystectomy
Family History
BRCA1 Gene
Chronic Pancreatitis
Cystic Fibrosis
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
Atypical Multiple Moles or Melanoma Syndrome
Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colon Cancer (Lynch Syndrome)

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4
Q

Cancer associated W/ celiac

A

Lymphoma of small bowel

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5
Q

When to do next pap for pt with ASCUS

A

Repeat in 6mo

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6
Q

Lab work up for malignancy

A

CBC, Cr, lytes, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, LFTs w/ albumin, INR, LDH, SPEP, tumor markers

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7
Q

Tumor markers for
1) colon, hepatocellular
2) pancreatic
3) breast
4) ovarian
5) prostate
6) hepatocellular
7) germ cell

A

CEA = colon, hepatocellular
CA 19.9 = pancreatic
CA 15.3 = breast
CA 125 = ovarian
PSA = prostate
aFP = hepatocellular
beta-HCG = germ cell

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8
Q

Ix for breast staging

A

not needed if asymptomatic, tumor <5cm + <3 nodes. Otherwise, CT chest/ abdo/ pelvis + bone scan

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9
Q

Lung staging

A

CT chest/ abdo/ pelvis, bone scan, MRI brain

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10
Q

Colon staging

A

CT chest/ abdo/ pelvis

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11
Q

Prostate staging

A

not needed if asymptomatic, PSA <10 + Gleason <5. Otherwise, bone scan, CT abdo/ pelvis

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12
Q

Lung cancer screening

A

low dose CT q1yr x 3, pts 55-74 y/o w/ >30 pack yr smoking hx who currently smoke or quit within last 15yrs

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13
Q

Colorectal cancer screening, inc high risk, IBD, FAP and HNPCC

A

avg risk 50-74 FIT q2yr or sigmoid q10yr
High risk (FDR w/ colon Ca) = colonoscopy 40-50 y/o q5 yrs
IBD = q1-2 yrs colonoscopy 10 yrs after pancolitis or 15 yrs after left sided colitis
FAP = genetic counselling, flex sigmoidoscopy annually starting age 10
HNPCC = genetic counselling, colonoscopy q1-2yrs at age 20

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14
Q

Most Common bladder cancer

A

Transitional (Urothelial) Cell Carcinoma

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15
Q

Cancer associated with flushing, diarrhoea and bronchospasm

A

Neuroendocrine Tumor (carcinoid tumors)

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16
Q

Types of thyroid cancer

A

Papillary
Follicular
Medullary
Anaplastic
* from most common to least common
* from least aggressive to most aggressive

17
Q

Ix for bony mets

A

calcium, alkaline phosphatase, LDH

18
Q

Multiple myeloma features

A

CRAB
high calcium
renal failure
anemia
bony lesions

19
Q

RF for cervical cancer

A

Sexual activity <20 y/o
Multiple partners
Smoking
Immunocompromised
Long term OCP

20
Q

Protective factors for cervical cancer

A

Routine pap
HPV immunizations

21
Q

Screening for cervical cancer

A

Q3 yrs 25-69 if ever sexually active
>70 y/o = DC if 3 consecutive negative results in 10 years
Annual screening for immunocompromised, SLE
TAHBSO = no screening
Pregnancy = same screening

22
Q

RF for colorectal cancer

A

Age >50 y/o
Family history
IBD
High fat diet
Obesity
Smoking
Excessive alcohol intake
Sedentary life

23
Q

Sx for colorectal cancer

A

Blood in stool
Change in BMs
Persistent bloating
Weakness, fatigue, wt loss
Rectal mass on DRE
Anemia

24
Q

Rx + associated complications for colorectal cancer

A

Surgery (infection, anastomosis breakdown, bleeding, adhesions)
Chemo (premature ovarian failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, secondary cancers, cognitive decline)
Radiation (weakness, paresthesia, CAD, valvular disease)
Immunotherapy (bone pain, fatigue, fever, rash, bleeding)

25
Q

Mets of colorectal cancer

A

Liver > lung > peritoneum

26
Q

RF for leukemia

A

Downs
Neurofibromatosis
Ionizing radiation
Exposure to benzene
Household pesticides
Obesity

27
Q

Sx of leukemia

A

Acute: fever, fatigue, wt loss, anemia, bleeding, hepatosplenomegaly, MSK sx in kids
Chronic: usually asymptomatic, hepatosplenomegaly

28
Q

Ix + results for leukemia

A

Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Peripheral smear = increased hematopoietic precursor cells or increased lymphocytes
LFTs, Cr, lytes, coag
Bone marrow aspirate + biopsy
Flow cytometry

29
Q

Rx for leukemia

A

Chemo
RT
Monoclonal antibodies
Stem cell transplant

30
Q

RF for lung cancer

A

Smoking
Asbestos
Occupational exposure to dust
Occupations (miners, painters)
Personal or family hx of cancer
Hx of COPD
TB
HIV

31
Q

Sx of lung cancer

A

Clubbing
Hemoptysis
Wt loss
Anorexia
Dyspnea
Chest pain
Fatigue

32
Q

Ix for lung cancer

A

CBC, ALP, AST, ALT, Calcium, albumin, lytes, urea, Cr
Staging = CT chest abdo pelvis, bone scan, CT/ MRI brain

33
Q

Mets of lung cancer

A

Liver
Bone
Lymph
Brain

34
Q

Rx of lung cancer

A

NSCLC: stage 1 + 2 = surgery, 3 = chemo + RT, 4 = palliative
SCLC: chemo + RT

35
Q

Prevention of upper GI cancer

A

Stop smoking
Reduce alcohol
Maintain healthy weight
Increase fruit and veg consumption

36
Q

When to screen for pancreatic cancer

A

screen if high risk:
family history, high risk syndromes like Peutz-Jeghers or BRCA1 w/ affected relative

37
Q

Breast cancer treatment SE

A

cardiomyopathy, valvular dz, ovarian failure, lymphadenopathy, fatigue, secondary malignancy

38
Q

Management of radiation dermatitis

A

loose fitting clothing, avoidance of fragrances, weak topical steroids, emollients