Cancer

Question 1

Benign Tumour

Answer 1

Can grow large but at a small rate

Non cancerous because they produce adhesive molecules sticking them to a particular tissue

Surrounded by a capsule so they cannot metastasise

Localised and non life threatening ( depending on location )

Question 2

Malignant Tumour

Answer 2

Cancerous tumours that grow very large

Nucleus becomes large and the cell unspecialised

They do not produce the adhesive or capsule so they can metastasise
Because they don’t have a capsule they can grow projections into surrounding tissues and develop its own blood supply

Question 3

Why does a tumour develop

Answer 3

Mutation in the tumour suppressor gene and/or oncogene

Epigenetics - Increased methylation of the tumour suppressor gene
- Increased oestrogen concentration

Question 4

Oncogene

Answer 4

Mutated proto- oncogene
Cells divide uncontrollably

Question 5

Tumour suppressor genes

Answer 5

Code for proteins which slow down cell division and initiate apoptosis if DNA copying errors are detected

Question 6

Abnormal Methylation

Answer 6

Tumour suppressor gene can become hypermethylated inhibiting transcription of the gene (inactive)

Oncogenes can become hypomethylated and the gene is permanently switched on and constantly transcribed