Cancer Flashcards by Michael Clemons

A malignant neoplasm that has microscopic cellular arrangement and structure similar to that normally scene and glandular tissue

Adenocarcinoma

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Neighboring or bordering neoplasms they’re not physically connected

Adjacent lesions

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Anti-cancer therapy, such as chemotherapy or radiation, given after surgery to eliminate cancer cell and lessen the chances of recurrence

Adjuvant therapy

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Growing, developing or spreading rapidly

Aggressive

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An x-ray diagnostic procedure that fills the blood vessels with x-ray opaque materials in order to photograph abnormalities

Angiogram

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A neoplasm made up of tissue resembling embryonic connective tissue, with clothes packed cells embedded in fibrillar or homogenous substance and containing an extensive network of fine blood vessels; often highly malignant

Angiosarcoma

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A primary tumor of the brain composed of star shaped cells known as astrocytes

Astrocytoma

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An epithelial neoplasm microscopically similar to cells of the deep layers of the skin, which seldom metastasize but have potential for local invasion and extension

Basal cell carcinoma

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Not malignant

Benign

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The removal of tissue or other material from the body for purposes of diagnosis, ordinarily identified by the method used to obtain the sample; needle, punch, aspirated, surface or scrape, and necessary to the identification of malignancy

Biopsy

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The week and emaciated condition observed in cases of advanced malignancy and in other severe diseases

Cachexia

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Malignant neoplastic disease

Cancer

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An agent capable of producing a tumor

Carcinogen

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A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells, originating in the parenchymal cells of an organ, the skin or the mucous membrane

Carcinoma

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The lower portion of the uterus opening into the vagina

Cervix, uteri

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A form of cancer treatment which uses drugs to destroy malignant cells

Chemotherapy

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Widely distributed throughout the body involving multiple organs

Diffuse involvement

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Neoplastic spread beyond the regional lymph nodes

Distant metastasis

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The type of malignant neoplasm arising in bone

Ewing’s tumor

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To cut out, remove my surgery

Excise

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The spread of neoplasm through one tissue or part to or into another adjacent to it

Extension, neoplastic

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A benign neoplasm consisting mostly of nerve fibers and mature nerve cells. When malignant, nerve cells are immature or embryonic and the neoplasm is termed neuroblastoma

Ganglioneuroma

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And astrocytoma of a grade 3 and four that is rapidly growing and usually can find the cerebral hemisphere

Glioblastoma multi-form

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A term that includes all primary intrinsic neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord

Glioma

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A method used in determining the aggressiveness of a tumor based on the determination of the number of dividing cancer cells

Grading

Non-microscopic examination of tissue, describing physical characteristics of size, shape, texture, color, weight, and variation from portion to portion of the specimen and variation from the area from which the specimen was taken

Gross tissue examination

The expectoration of blood or of bloodstained sputum

Hemoptysis

Pertaining to the hilum of the thoracic cavity

Hilar

Malignant neoplastic disease of the lymph nodes and nonnadal lymphatic tissue

Hodgkin disease

Chemical substances secreted by in the criminal glands that regulate activities of other body cells

Hormone

Neoplasms that develop and grow only in the presence of specific hormones suppression or removal of the hormone causes neoplastic regression

HormoneDependent tumors

Using a stimulus of host defenses to treat disease

Immunotherapy

Tending to grow and spread slowly

Indolent

In the natural or normal place; confined to the site of origin without invasion of neighboring tissues

In situ

The partial surgical removal of a tissue, structure, or organ

Incomplete excision

Surgery is thought to be of no therapeutic value or the surgery cannot be performed

In operable condition

In terms of neoplasms, the direct growth or extension of the neoplasm from one organ or structure into another adjacent Organ or structure

Invation

Neoplasms of the pancreas evolving from the regular clusters of cells, which secrete insulin

Islet cell carcinoma

A malignant disease of the blood, characterized by a marked increase in the number of formed an immature white blood cells

Leukemia

The development of another neoplastic growth of the same type as that previously removed or resolved, and located within the same organ, structure, or lymph drainage channel common to the organ, structure, or region as the previous neoplasm

Local recurrence

Nodule like organs appearing at intervals along the lymphatic vessels, which filter cellular debris, bacteria, and other large particles

Lymph nodes

Large lymph nodes

Lymphadenopathy

The accessory circulatory system serving to return fluids, cellular waste, and unused nutrients from the tissue spaces back to the blood circulatory system; consists of lymphatic capillaries lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes

Lymphatic system

Swelling of the subcutaneous tissue due to presence of excessive lymph fluid

Lymphedema

Malignant tumor arising from lymphoid tissue

Lymphoma

Any new or abnormal growth of tissue, that is progressive and uncontrolled. Such neoplasms have the properties of invading and infiltrating adjacent structures or organs and of metastasis

Malignant neoplasm

That body area bounded on the side by the lungs, in the front by the sternum, behind the spinal column, above the thoracic inlet, and below the diaphragm, containing the heart and it’s large vessels and the trachea, esophagus, the thymus, the lymph nodes and vessels, and other structures and tissues

Mediastinum

Malignant neoplasm made up of melanin producing cells

Melanoma

Neoplasm arising from the squamous cell layer of the epithelium that covers the surface of the serous membrane’s in the chest

Mesothelioma

The spread of tumor cells by blood, length, or other body fluids. This term does not include the spread of tumor cells by direct extension of the tumor to other tissues or organs

Metastases

Review of microscopic slide prepared from a section of a surgical specimen to study the morphological appearance of cells

Microscopic examination

A combination of at least two types of treatment modalities given in close proximity as a unified hall and usually plan for any treatment has begun. There are three types of treatment modalities surgery radiation and systemic drug therapy,( hormonal therapy, and immunotherapy or biological modifier.)

Multimodel therapy

Malignant neoplasm of plasma cells usually arising in the bone marrow, manifested by abnormal bone pain, circulating immunoglobulins, proteinurea, anemia, and pathological fractures

Multiple myeloma

Pertaining to the myeloid cell line

Myelogenous leukemia

Literally new formation, a new or abnormal development of cells or tissues

Neoplasm

Anti-neoplastic therapy, such as chemotherapy or radiation, given by surgery in order to reduce the size of the tumor

Neoadjuvant therapy

A malignant neoplasm characterized by immature, only slightly differentiated nerve cells of embryonic type. Widespread metastases to the liver, lungs, lymph nodes, cranial cavity and skeleton are common. These occur frequently in infants and children in the mediastinal and retroperitoneal regions

Neuroblastoma

A decrease in the number of white blood cells

Neutropenia

An anaplastic, small cell carcinoma, usually bronchogenic and highly aggressive

Oat cell carcinoma

A tumor that is concealed from observation and discovery

Occult malignancy

A primary malignant bone tumor composed of immature connective tissue, bone cells, and or Cartlidge cells

Osteogenic sarcoma

Affording symptomatic relief but not altering the course of the disorder

Palliative

The serous membrane covering the abdominal and pelvic walls and all the organs

Peritoneum

Failure to achieve a complete remission

Persistent

The serious membrane that forms a continuous lining of the lungs and thoracic cavity

Pleura

The principal malignancy; the first to develop

Primary malignancy

Original site development of neoplasm

Primary site

The malignancy became more aggressive after/despite treatment

Progressive

Treatment by x-ray or other radioactive substance, such as radium, radioactive gold, cobalt. Definition of the specific type of irritation is determined by the nature of a neoplasm

Radiation therapy

Surgical procedure intended to remove in one mass all of the regional tissue, muscle, and lymphatics that could potentially harbor metastatic or infiltrated malignancy

Radical resection

Treatment of cancer through radiation

Radiotherapy

Return of neoplasm after it was in remission

Recurrence

Lymph nodes that serve as a filtering system for a particular region

Regional lymph nodes

Neoplastic spread into the regional lymph nodes

Regional metastasis

Excision of a considerable portion of an organ or structure

Resection

A malignant solid tumor of the eye

Retinoblastoma

A malignant tumor arising from connective tissue or bone

Sarcoma

Small neoplasms located adjacent to the primary neoplasm their appearance in the case of the neoplasm has begun to metastasize

Satellite lesions

All tissues of the body, excluding bones, teeth, and nails

Soft parts

A malignant neoplasm arising from tissues that form the external and internal covering of the surfaces of the body

Squamous cell carcinoma

The determination of the extent of spread of a tumor

Staging

A shield shape gland that is attached to and envelops the front and sides of the trachea below the larynx; which produces a hormone thyroxine

Thyroid

A mass of new tissue the gross independent of its surrounding structures. A neoplasm

Tumor

Malignant epithelial neoplasm, the cells of which have not developed into discreetly identifiable cellular or tissue structure

Undifferentiated carcinoma

Surgery was performed, but the malignant tumor was not removed. This term include situations in which the tumor is incompletely resected or the surgical margins are positive. It does not include situations in which a tumor is completely resected but the person is receiving achievement therapy

Unresectable

Neoplastic cells that maintain enough characteristics to be able to identify which organ or part of the body is involved

Well differentiated

Cancer Flashcards

(86 cards)