Cancer - Chapter 5

Question 1

What is a new formation or new growth that serves no useful purpose?

Answer 1

Neoplasm

Question 2

What is a swelling or an enlargement and is used interchangeably with the term “neoplasm”?

Answer 2

Tumor

Question 3

What may be benign or malignant depending on its growth pattern, cell characteristics, potential for cells to move from one part of the body to another (metastasis), tendency to recur, and capacity to cause death?

Answer 3

Tumor

Question 4

What kind of tumor remains localized as a discrete mass and has an excessive growth of cells but may grow slowly and is rarely fatal?

Answer 4

Benign Tumor

Question 5

What kind of tumor is usually encapsulated and doesn’t infiltrate surrounding tissue or tends to recur when surgically removed?

Answer 5

Benign Tumor

Question 6

What kind of tumor is invasive, grows rapidly, is sometimes anaplastic, and can metastasize through the blood or lymph?

Answer 6

Malignant Tumor

Question 7

What kind of tumor is not normal, distorted in size, shape, and structure, and if untreated death can occur as a result?

Answer 7

Malignant Tumor

Question 8

Which Tumors are cancerous?

Answer 8

Malignant Tumors

Question 9

Which tumors are non-cancerous?

Answer 9

Benign Tumors

Question 10

What are the three category divisions of cancer?

Answer 10

Carcinomas
Sarcomas
Cancers of Blood and Lymph

Question 11

What is the order of the progressive evolution of cancer cells?

Answer 11

Hyperplasia
Dysplasia
Carcinoma In Situ
Metastasis

Question 12

What term means abnormal growth of cells?

Answer 12

Dysplasia

Question 13

What term means a cancerous growth that remains in place?

Answer 13

Carcinoma In Situ

Question 14

What term means spreading through the circulatory system?

Answer 14

Metastasis

Question 15

What includes many kinds of chemicals and certain kinds of high-frequency radiation such as ultraviolet and ionizing radiation that damage the DNA?

Answer 15

Carcinogens

Question 16

What factors can influence the development of cancer or help to prevent it?

Answer 16

Age
Genetics
Immune system response
Body weight and diet
Exercise and physical activity
Environment
Viruses
Bacterial infections

Question 17

What tumors are the largest group and are solid tumors of epithelial tissue of external and internal body surfaces?

Answer 17

Carcinomas

Question 18

What tumors are found in the breast, colon, liver, lung, prostate, and stomach?

Answer 18

Carcinomas

Question 19

What tumors of epithelial origin are usually named just using the suffix -oma added to the type of tissue involved?

Answer 19

Benign Tumors

Question 20

What term means a benign tumor of a gland?

Answer 20

Adenoma

Question 21

What tumors of epithelial origin are named with the term carcinoma added to the type of tissue involved?

Answer 21

Malignant Tumors

Question 22

What term means a malignant tumor of a gland?

Answer 22

Adenocarcinoma

Question 23

What tumors arise from supportive and connective tissue such as bone, fat, muscle, and cartilage?

Answer 23

Sarcomas

Question 24

What term means a benign tumor of bone?

Answer 24

Osteoma

Question 25

What term means a malignant tumor of bone?

Answer 25

Osteosarcoma

Question 26

What do cancers of the blood and lymph include?

Answer 26

Leukemias Hodgkin's Disease Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Question 27

What cancers arise from the body's blood-forming tissues within the bone marrow?

Answer 27

Leukemias

Question 28

What cancers are further subdivided into chronic and acute forms?

Answer 28

Leukemias

Question 29

What cancer of the lymphatic system is characterized by an unusual giant cell known as the Reed-Sternberg cell?

Answer 29

Lymphoma

Question 30

What disease greatly weakens the body's immune system and is evidenced by painless enlargement of lymph nodes or spleen?

Answer 30

Hodgkin's Disease

Question 31

What are the signs and symptoms of cancer?

Answer 31

Unexplained weight loss of 10 pounds or more Fatigue that doesn't get better with rest Pain that can be found in bone or testicular area Changes in skin Changes in bowel or bladder habits Blood in the stool or urine Sores that don't heal

Question 32

What should any suspicion of a neoplasm or cancer include?

Answer 32

A thorough medical history & physical examination

Question 33

What specific tests are used for early detection of cancer?

Answer 33

Blood chemistry analysis Ultrasonography Radiography Endoscopy Nuclear Medicine Scans Isotope Scanning Computed Tomography Scanning Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Question 34

What is the single most helpful tool for cancer diagnosis?

Answer 34

A biopsy

Question 35

What are substances that can be found in abnormal amounts of blood, urine, or tissues of some individuals with cancer?

Answer 35

Tumor Markers

Question 36

What is used to help diagnose cancer, predict an individual's response to certain therapies, check the response to treatment, or determine if cancer has returned?

Answer 36

Tumor Markers

Question 37

What helps in the diagnosis and in treatment planning, provides a possible prognosis, and allows for comparison of treatment results between different treatments?

Answer 37

Grading

Question 38

What grade of cancer are tumor cells well differentiated and closely resembling normal parent tissue?

Answer 38

Grade 1

Question 39

What grade of cancer are tumor cells intermediate in appearance and moderately or poorly differentiated?

Answer 39

Grade 2

Question 40

What grade of cancer are tumor cells very abnormal and poorly differentiated?

Answer 40

Grade 3

Question 41

What grade of cancer are tumor cells so anaplastic that recognition of the tumor's tissue origin is difficult?

Answer 41

Grade 4

Question 42

What type of cancer have the cancer cells not yet spread from the site of the original tumor?

Answer 42

Localized

Question 43

What type of treatment is more likely with localized tumors and least likely in the distant stage?

Answer 43

Successful Treatment

Question 44

What are the major types of treatment against cancer?

Answer 44

Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation Therapy Immunotherapy/Biotherapy Hormonal Therapy Stem Cell & Bone Marrow Transplants

Question 45

What type of cancer treatment is now more precise because of improved diagnostic equipment and operating procedures and advances in preoperative and postoperative care?

Answer 45

Surgery

Question 46

What type of surgery is done to sustain the individual with cancer or to alleviate the pain that directly or indirectly results from the cancer?

Answer 46

Palliative Surgery

Question 47

What type of surgery may be done to prevent the development of cancer?

Answer 47

Preventive Surgery

Question 48

What type of surgery uses a powerful light source to cut through tissue or to vaporize cancers of the cervix, larynx, liver, rectum, or skin?

Answer 48

Laser Surgery

Question 49

What type of cancer treatment is especially effective against cancers that spread such as leukemias, some solid cancers, and Hodgkin's disease?

Answer 49

Chemotherapy

Question 50

What type of cancer treatment has side effects that include nausea, vomiting, anorexia, anemia, leukopenia, and loss of hair?

Answer 50

Chemotherapy

Question 51

What type of cancer treatment may be used to cure, to control the disease, or to prevent malignant leukemias from infiltrating the brain or spinal cord?

Answer 51

Radiation Therapy

Question 52

What type of cancer treatment has a goal to destroy as much of the tumor as possible without affecting surrounding healthy tissue?

Answer 52

Radiation Therapy

Question 53

What type of cancer treatment stimulates or restores and strengthens the body's own immune system, allowing it to recognize, attack, and hopefully kill cancer cells?

Answer 53

Immunotherapy/Biotherapy

Question 54

What type of cancer treatment is most effective in the early stages of cancer?

Answer 54

Immunotherapy/Biotherapy

Question 55

What type of cancer treatment adds, blocks, or removes hormones?

Answer 55

Hormonal Therapy

Question 56

What type of cancer treatment is aimed at blocking the effects of or lowering the estrogen levels in the treatment of breast cancer?

Answer 56

Hormonal Therapy

Question 57

What type of cancer treatment can reduce many side effects or enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation?

Answer 57

Complementary Therapy

Question 58

What type of cancer treatment has a goal to strengthen the body's immune system?

Answer 58

Integrative Therapy

Question 59

What are the steps to prevent cancer?

Answer 59

Do not use tobacco Practice sun safety Eat a healthy diet Exercise regularly & maintain a healthy weight Get vaccinated Avoid risky practices Practice self-examination and screening