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POD III > Cancer Chemotherapy > Flashcards

Cancer Chemotherapy Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What 2 chemotherapy combinations are used to treat Hodgkin’s disease?

A
  1. MOPP

2. ABVD

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2
Q

What chemotherapy combination is used to treat Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

CHOP

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3
Q

What chemotherapy combinations are used to treat breast cancer?

A
  1. CMF

2. CAF

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4
Q

What chemotherapy combination is used to treat small cell lung cancer?

A

PACE

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5
Q

What chemotherapy combination is used to treat germ cell?

A

VIP

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6
Q

What chemotherapy combination is used to treat cervical cancer?

A

BIP

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7
Q

What chemotherapy combination is used to treat lymphomas?

A

M-BACOD

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8
Q

What chemotherapy combination is used to treat ovarian cancer?

A

BEP

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9
Q

What chemotherapy combination is used to treat pheochromocytoma?

A

CVD

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10
Q

What chemotherapy combination is used to treat testicular cancer?

A

PEB

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11
Q

The up-regulation of p-glycoprotein pumps affects cancer drugs in what way?

A

Promotes the efflux of drugs out of the cell and therefore makes the cancer cell resistant to the action of the drugs.

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12
Q

What is cross linking DNA and what type of drugs use this mechanism?

A
  • Blocks DNA replication and transcription by linking two bases of DNA.
  • Alkylating agents
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13
Q

What alkylating agents are taken as prodrugs?

A

Cyclophosphamide and iphosphamide.

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14
Q

What cytotoxic agent is produced when cyclophosphamide and iphosphamide undergo oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Acrolein.

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15
Q

Mechlorethamine

A
  • Alkylating agent
  • Not excreted
  • Hodgkins’ disease
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16
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A
  • Alkylating agent
  • Must be activated by P450 in the liver
  • SIDAH (water intox)
  • Tx: Burkitt’s lymphoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia
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17
Q

Chlorambucil

A
  • Alkylating agent
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Tx: Chronic lyphocytic leukemia
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18
Q

What is MESNA used for in cancer treatment therapy?

A
  • To decrease hemorrhagic cycstitis produced by acrolein.

- Prevents acrolein from binding to bladder wall

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19
Q

Estramustine phosphate

A
  • Combination of nitrogen mustard and estradiol
  • PO administration
  • In vivo binds to Beta-tubulin
  • Antimitotic effects
  • CCNS and M-phase
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20
Q

Busulfan

A
  • CCNS

- S/Es: Pulmonary fibrosis and hyperpigmentation

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21
Q

Nitrosoureas:

  • Carmustine (BCNU)
  • Lomustine (CCNU)
  • Semustine (Methyl-CCNU)
  • Streptozotocin
A
  • CCNS
  • Lipophilic = pass blood/brain barrier
  • S/Es: Pulmonary fibrosis and nephrotoxicity
  • Breakdown in vivo to liberate alkylating and carbamylating species
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22
Q

Procarbazine

A
  • CCNS
  • Decreases DNA, RNA and protein synthesis
  • Inhibits transition from G1 to S phase
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23
Q

Dacarbazine (DTIC)

Temozolomide

A
  • CCNS
  • Methylate DNA and RNA
  • Prevents transcription and translation
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24
Q

Platinum Drugs:

  • Cisplatin
  • Carboplatin
  • Oxaliplatin
A
  • CCNS
  • Binds to guanine in DNA forming crosslinks
  • Interferes with DNA replication and mitosis
  • Triggers apoptosis
  • S/Es: Decreased BM, nephrotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity
  • Must check kidney function
  • Tx with loop diuretics (furosemide)
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25
Anthracyclines: - Doxorubicin - Daunorubicin
- CCNS - Inhibits transcription and replication - Blocks topoisomerase II - S/E: Cardiotoxicity - May be prevented by dexrazoxane
26
Epipodophyllotoxins: - Etoposide - Tenopside
- Kills in S and G2 phases - Forms ternary complex with DNA and topoisomerase II - Causes breakage of DNA strands
27
Camptothecin Analogs: - Camptothecin - Topotecan - Irinotecan
- Act in S phase - Irinotecan is a prodrug - Binds to the topoisomerase I and DNA complex - Prevents DNA replication - Severe diarrhea possible
28
Bleomycins
- Active in G2 phase - Bind to reduced iron in cells and lead to free radical production - S/Es: Pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonitis, cutaneous reactions, low grade fever, minimal BM suppression
29
Dactinomycin
- CCNS - Prevents DNA transcription - Most potent known - S/Es: Oral and GI ulceration, stomatitis
30
Folic Acid Analogs: - Methotrexate (MTX) - Trimetrexate (lipid soluble) - Pemetrexed (multitargeted)
- Active in S phase - Blocks the biosynthesis of purines - Decreases DNA synthesis - S/Es: Oral and GI ulceration, hepatotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity
31
Leucovorin
- Administered 24-36 hrs after MTX | - Bypass the metabolic block of MTX
32
Fluorouracil
- CCNS - Decreased DNA synthesis - S/Es: Oral and GI ulceration; stop at earliest signs of stomititis and diarrhea
33
Cytarabine
- Active in S phase - Inhibits DNA polymerase alpha - Oral ucleration
34
Gemcitabine
- CCNS | - Inhibits DNA synthesis
35
What is the active form of 5-FU? What does it inhibit?
- 5-FdUMP | - Inhibits action of thymidyate synthase
36
Mercaptopurine (6-MP)
- Inhibits synthesis of adenine and guanine - Acts at S phase - Metabolism inhibited by allopurinol - S/Es: Cholestasis; oral and intestinal ulcers
37
Thioguanine (6-TG)
- Acts in S phase | - Inhibits synthesis of purines
38
Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors: - Pentostatin - Cladribine - Fludarabine
- Inhibit adenosine deaminase | - Decreases DNA synthesis
39
Vinca alkaloids: - Vincristine - Vinblastine - Vinorelbine
- Acts in M-phase - Bind to soluble tubulin, blocks polymerization and arrests cellular mitosis in metaphase - S/Es: Peripheral neuropathy, alopecia, nephrogenic SIADH
40
Yew alkaloids: - Paclitaxel - Docetaxel
- Acts in M phase - Prevents microtubule depolymerization, cells are arrested in late G2 or M phase - S/Es: Peripheral neuropathy = dose limiting
41
L-Asparaginase
- Catalyzes conversion of L-asparagine - Inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis - S/Es: Increased risk for thrombosis, impaired liver function, kidney or CNS.
42
Mitotane
- CCNS - Blocks hormone production by the adrenal gland - Destroys adrenal and cancer cells - S/Es: Fatigue and nausea
43
Interferons
- CCNS - Inhibits tumors by regulating the host immune system of the pt - Slows G1-->S; S-->G2
44
Prednisone
- Anti-inflammatory | - Apoptosis in certain leukemic cells
45
Progestins
-Used in hormone responsive cancers expressing progesterone receptor
46
Tamoxifen, Toremefine
- Antiestrogens | - Used in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer.
47
Anti-androgens
- Blocks androgen-induced growth - Normally combined with leuprolide or other luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist - Anti-androgens + leuprolide = total androgen ablation
48
Bevaczimab
-Blocks VGEF and prevents angiogenesis
49
Denusomab
-Blocks RANK-RANKL in bone
50
Trastuzumab
-Blocks Her2/C-Neu
51
Ipilimumab
- Blocks CTLA4 | - S/Es: Colitis
52
Tremelimumab
- Blocks CTLA4 | - S/Es: Diarrhea, colitis, skin rash
53
Nivolumab
- Blocks PD-1 | - S/Es: Fatigue, colitis, skin rash
54
Pembrolisumab
- Blocks PD-1 | - Fatigue, skin rash
55
Imatinib
Blocks Bcr-Abl Kinase
56
Erlotinib, Gefitinib
-Blocks EGFR signaling
57
Crizotinib
-Blocks ALK-1 kinase
58
Amirubicin
- Anthracyline | - Reduced cardiotoxicity
59
Fulvestrant
- ER blocker - Lacks partial estrogen activity - Useful for estrogen responsive cancers
60
Abraxane
- IV nanoparticle - Albumin bound formulation of paclitaxel - Cremophor-free
61
Picoplatin
- Organic platinum containing | - Does not cause platinum resistance

POD III (12 decks)

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