Cancer Genetics and Genomics

Question 1

Where do teolemrase and antiapoptotic proteins work?

Answer 1

at the mitochondria

Question 2

What is proto-oncogenes group and what is its biochemical property?
C-fos

Answer 2

transcription factor; nuclear proteins

Question 3

What is proto-oncogenes group and what is its biochemical property?
C-myc

Answer 3

transcription factor; nuclear proteins

Question 4

What is proto-oncogenes group and what is its biochemical property?
K-ras

Answer 4

small g-protein; signal transduction proteins

Question 5

What is proto-oncogenes group and what is its biochemical property?
H-ras

Answer 5

small g-protein; signal transduction proteins

Question 6

What is proto-oncogenes group and what is its biochemical property?
C-src

Answer 6

protein kinase; signal transduction proteins

Question 7

What is proto-oncogenes group and what is its biochemical property?
C-abl

Answer 7

protein kinase; Signal Transduction proteins

Question 8

What is proto-oncogenes group and what is its biochemical property?
C-erbB

Answer 8

Epidermal growth factor receptor; Growth factor receptors

Question 9

What is proto-oncogenes group and what is its biochemical property?
C-sis

Answer 9

platelet derived growth factors; secreted-growth factors

Question 10

What is an oncogene?

Answer 10

a mutant allele of a proto-oncogene

Question 11

What does activation of an antiapoptotic gene allow?

Answer 11

excessive accumulation of cells

Question 12

These tumor-suppressor genes indirectly maintain genome integrity and correct mutations during DNA replication and cell division

Answer 12

caretakers

Question 13

These tumor-suppressor genes directly regulate proto-oncogene function

Answer 13

gatekeepers

Question 14

Which 4 require only a single mutant allele?:

• proto-oncogene activation
• loss of tumor-suppresor gene expression
• activation of antiapoptotic genes
• loss of proapoptotic gene expression

Answer 14

• proto-oncogene activation

- activation of antiapoptotic genes

Question 15

Is loss of proapoptotic gene expression dominant or recessive?

Answer 15

can be both

Question 16

if activation of antiapoptotic genes dominant or recessive?

Answer 16

dominant, so requires a single mutant allele

Question 17

Is Loss of tumor-suppressor gene expression dominant or recessive?

Answer 17

recessive

Question 18

Is activation of oncogenes dominant or recessive?

Answer 18

dominant

Question 19

disease process characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation leading to a tumor

Answer 19

neoplasia

Question 20

capable of invading surrounding tissue and metastasizing to other sites in the body

Answer 20

malignant tumor

Question 21

don’t invade or metastasize

Answer 21

benign tumor

Question 22

tumor has arisen in mesenchymal tissue (such as bone, muscle, connective tissue, or nervous system tissue)

Answer 22

sarcoma

Question 23

loosely organized undifferentiated mostly mesodermal cells that give rise to structures such as connective tissue, lymphatics, bone, cartilage

Answer 23

mesenchyme

Question 24

originate in epithelial tissue, such as cells lining the intestine, bronchi, or mammary ducts

Answer 24

carcinomas

Question 25

spread throughout the bone marrow, lymphatic system, and peripheral blood, such as leukemia and lymphoma

Answer 25

hematopoetic and lymphoid malignant neoplasms

Question 26

mutant allele of a proto-oncogene

Answer 26

oncogene

Question 27

What is the philadelphia chromosome translocation?

Answer 27

t(9;22)(q34;q11)

Question 28

in what disorder is the philadelphia chromosome seen

Answer 28

CML

Question 29

What is the function of the DCC gene?

Answer 29

cell surface interactions

Question 30

What is the function of the WT1 gene?

Answer 30

transcription

Question 31

What is the function of the Rb1 gene?

Answer 31

transcription

Question 32

What is the function of the Tp53 gene?

Answer 32

transcription

Question 33

What happens to cells that contain a mutated p53?

Answer 33

they cannot arrest and enter into S phase and replicate damaged DNA

Question 34

What does Mdm2 act as?

Answer 34

an E3 ubiquitin kinase

Question 35

What is the normal function of APC?

Answer 35

gatekeeper (binding beta catenin to phoshphorylate and degrade;stops its oncogene activity)

Question 36

condition manifested by damaged DNA due to defects in the normal DNA repair process

Answer 36

microsattelite instability

Question 37

repeated sequences of DNA

Answer 37

microsatellites

Question 38

What do miRNAs do?

Answer 38

They mediate inhibition of protein-coding gene expression by inhibiting translation or by degrading the mRNA

Question 39

What are miRNAs role in cancer?

Answer 39

regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis processes that are important in cancer formation -some may function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors