Cancer on the Body Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
T/F: Dogs have oral cavity cancer more often than cats
A
True
2
Q
Which oral tumor is most common in the dog? Cat?
A
Dog - malignant melanoma
Cat - SCC
3
Q
What the most commonly seen clinical signs with oral tumors?
A
Pytalism, odor, changes in chewing, anorexia, bleeding
4
Q
How do you diagnose oral tumors?
A
FNA for some, incisional biopsy for others
5
Q
What is staging of oral tumors determined by?
A
Extent of the local disease
6
Q
T/F: Malignant melanoma is really malignant and has high metastasis
A
True
7
Q
Where does malignant melanoma metastasize to?
A
lungs, liver, lymph nodes
8
Q
How would you test for staging for malignant melanoma?
A
aspirations and imaging
9
Q
What are some treatment options for oral malignant melanoma?
A
Surgery, radiation, chemo (carboplatin)
10
Q
T/F: Fibrosarcomas are not very locally aggressive
A
False
11
Q
How do you treat fibrosarcomas?
A
Surgery w/wo radiation
12
Q
Which lymph node is commonly metastasized to with canine SCC?
A
Tonsiles
13
Q
How do you treat canine SCC?
A
Surgery w/wo radiation
14
Q
What is the treatment option for feline SCC?
A
surgery with radiation
15
Q
What is the prognosis for feline oral SCC?
A
Poor
16
Q
How can you treat feline fibrosarcomas?
A
Complete surgical excision, radiation
17
Q
What is the most common benign oral tumor?
A
Acanthomatous epulis
18
Q
What does acanthomatous epulis look like?
A
SCC
19
Q
How do you treat acanthomatous epulis?
A
Surgery, radiation
20
Q
What is the most common nasal cancer in cats? dogs?
A
Feline - Lymphoma
Dog - SCC
21
Q
What are some ddx for nasal cancers?
A
Lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis, foreign body, fungal disease (aspergillus for dogs, cryptococcus for cats)
22
Q
T/F: Nasal tumors are often metastatic
A
False
23
Q
What is the treatment of choice for nasal cancer?
A
Radiation
24
Q
T/F: With thyroid tumors, the smaller the tumors the worse.
A
False
25
How do you diagnose thyroid tumors?
FNA/cytology
26
Why do you not want to perform an incisional biopsy on a suspected thyroid tumor?
Hemorrhage can occur
27
Where do thyroid tumors commonly metastasize to?
Lungs, lymph nodes
28
What tests stage for thyroid tumors?
Blood work, thoracic imaging, lymph node analysis
29
What are some complications with surgical treatment of thyroid tumors?
Hemorrhage, hypothyroidism, hypocalcemia
30
How can you treat thyroid tumors without surgery?
Radiation
(Definitive treatment - daily
Palliative - weekly)
Chemotherapy is metastatic or RT is not availalbe
31
What kind of cancer is thyroid cancer?
Carcinoma
32
T/F: For cats, carcinoma is the least common cause of hyperthyroidism
True
33
T/F: Metastatic disease in the thoracic cavity is more common than primary cancer
True
34
What is the most common CxS for pulmonary cancer?
Coughing
35
What are the most common primary pulmonary tumors in the dog? cat?
Dog - bronchoalveolar carcinoma
| Cat - Adenocarcinoma
36
What is the treatment of choice for solitary lung tumors?
Surgery
37
What are the MST for each grade with primary pulmonary carcinoma?
Grade 1: 1.5+ years
Grade 2: 7-8 months
Grade 3: 0. immediate euthanasia
38
What is the prognosis and treatment of choice for metastatic pulmonary cancer?
Chemotherapy with poor prognosis
39
What are the two biggest ddx for masses in the mediastinum?
Lymphoma, thymoma
40
What CxS will you see with masses in the mediastinum?
Coughing, off breathing, exercise intolerance
41
How old are animals that have thymoma?
older. 9-10 years
42
T/F: Thymomas commonly metastasize
False
43
What are some paraneoplastic syndromes associated with thymoma?
Myasthenia gravis, polymyositis, hypercalcemia, exfoliative dermatitis in cats
44
What would blood work test for with mediastinal masses?
Anemia, lymphocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hypercalcemia
45
What do thoracic radiographs show you with mediastinal masses?
The mass, pleural effusion, cardiac displacement, esophageal dilation, aspiration pneumonia
46
What do you see with cytology of mediastinal masses?
Small, mature lymphocytes. Neoplastic epithelial cells
47
What is the treatment of choice for masses in the mediastinum and what is the MST in dogs? Cats?
Dogs: Surgery - >2 years
Cats: Surgery - 5 years
48
T/F: Mediastinal masses are non-responsive to radiation
False
49
What cardiac tumors can you see at the base of the heart in dogs? Right auricle?
Base: Chemodectoma, paraglanglioma
Right auricle: hemangiosarcoma
50
Which heart tumor is the most metastatic?
Hemangiosarcoma
51
How do you treat chemodectoma?
Pericardiectomy, RT
52
How do you treat hemangiosarcoma? What is the MST?
Surgery, chemotherapy = 6 months
Surgery alone = 3 months
53
How do dogs typically get neoplasia in their hepatobiliary system? Cats?
Dogs - metastasis
Cats - primary tumor
54
T/F: Malignant hepatobiliary tumors are more common in cats than dogs
False
55
What are the benign hepatobiliary tumors called?
Biliary cystadenoma, hepatocellular adenoma
56
What kind of morphology are most of the canine hepatic tumors?
a. ) Massive
b. ) Nodular
c. ) Diffuse
A.) Massive
57
What symptoms may you see with hepatobiliary neoplasia?
Anorexia, weight loss, vomiting, PU/PD, ascites
58
T/F: CBC will give you definitive results for hepatobiliary neoplasia
False. Non-specific changes
59
What is the best diagnostic tool for hepatobiliary neoplasia?
Imaging: Radiographs, ultrasound, CT scan
60
If there is only one single hepatobiliary lobe affected by tumors, what is the treatment of choice?
Surgery
61
What is the prognosis for massive hepatocellular carcinoma?
Good, because massive only affects one lobe
62
T/F: Hepatocellular carcinoma is highly metastatic
False. 5%
63
T/F: Pancreatic Carcinoma is rare
True
64
If the pancreatic carcinoma is metastatic, what treatment might help?
Chemotherapy
65
T/F: Insulinomas are rare in both dogs and cats
True
66
What is typically the age of dogs and cats affected by GI cancer?
Middle aged - older
67
T/F: The biggest difference between cancer and non-cancerous disorders is the level of diarrhea
False. No signs really differentiate them
68
How would you diagnose GI cancer?
Diagnostic imaging
69
Why would you want to image the thoracic region with GI cancer?
Check for metastasis
70
What is the most common small intestine cancer in dogs? Cats?
Lymphoma
71
What is the best treatment for SI lymphoma in dogs? Cats?
Chemotherapy
72
How would you treat carcinoma and leiomyoma in the small intestine in dogs? Cats?
Surgery is the best choice
73
What is the most common cancer of the spleen in the dog? Cat?
Dog - sarcoma
| Cat- Mast cell tumors
74
What are some signs noted on CBC with splenic hemangiosarcoma?
Anemia, Thrombocytopenia
75
What % of patients have DIC with splenic hemangiosarcoma?
50%
76
What signs will you see when a splenic hemangiosarcoma mass ruptures?
Weakness, tachycardia, tachypnea
77
What is the best screening tool for splenic hemangiosarcoma?
Abdominal radiographs
78
T/F: Ultrasound will tell you if the splenic hemangiosarcoma is neoplastic
False. Just shows mass or cavity
79
What are the chances an animal with hemoabdomen has malignant cancer?
2/3. of that, 2/3 are hemangiosarcoma
80
What will you see on an abdominocentesis on a pet with splenic hemangiosarcoma?
Hemorrhagic, non-clotting effusion
81
T/F: You will find neoplastic cells in an abdominocentesis on a pet with splenic hemangiosarcoma
False. Rare
82
T/F: FNA/cytology should be done on a pet with splenic hemangiosarcoma
False. Bleeding!!
83
What are the 3 stages of splenic hemangiosarcoma? What are the MSTs?
Stage I - confined, no evidence of rupture. 3 months
Stage 2 - evidence of rupture/metastasis. 3 months
Stage 3 - gross, obvious spread. 1 month
84
How do you manage an acute splenic hemoangiosaroma rupture?
Treat hypovolemic shock with blood or fluids, perform splenectomy with thorough exploratory
85
T/F: Benign splenic masses can also cause hemoabdomen
True
86
What is the MST for patients with no metastatic splenic hemangiosarcoma that are treated with surgery and chemotherapy?
6 months
87
Why would angiogenesis inhibition work with splenic hemangiosarcomas?
Those cancers originate from endothelial cells
88
Does low dose oral chemo for anti-angiogenic therapy work better than chemotherapy?
No
89
What are the presenting complaints for anal sac adenocarcinoma?
Tenesmus, dyschezia
90
What routine exams can screen for anal sac adenocarcinoma?
Annual rectals
91
What is the most common paraneoplastic syndrome with anal sac carcinoma?
Hypercalcemia
92
What is the best treatment for anal sac carcinoma?
Surgery, but recurrence is common
93
T/F: Anal sac adenocarcinoma is highly metastatic
True
94
How would you treat the metastasis of anal sac cancer?
Chemotherapy
95
How big does the anal sac tumor have to be to be considered bad?
>2.5 cm
96
What is the common neoplasia seen in the bladder?
Transitional cell carcinoma
97
What are some risk factors for canine transitional cell carcinoma?
Breed, female, herbicides, obesity
98
How would a transitional cell carcinoma case present?
Hematuria, dysuria, stanguria, pollakiuria
99
What are some diagnostic tests for transitional cell carcinoma?
Abdominal imaging - radiographs, contrast, ultrasound*
100
What may you see in the urine under cytology on a dog with transitional cell carcinoma?
Exfoliated cells
101
What % of TCC cases have metastasis at diagnosis?
15%
102
What % of the metastasized TCC cases die?
50%
103
What is the definitive treatment for TCC?
Radiation therapy
104
What is the most commonly used chemo drugs for TCC?
Mitoxantrone and piroxicam
105
T/F: Patients with TCC benefit poorly from NSAIDs
False. GIVE EM!
106
T/F: Urethral stents are good treatment options for TCC
True
107
T/F: Canine prostatic neoplasia is androgen dependent
False
108
Where is the most common origin of prostate neoplasia?
Ductal epithelium
109
Where does prostate cancer usually metastasize to?
Lungs, lymph nodes, bones
110
What is the most consistent physical exam abnormality with prostate neoplasia?
Postatomegaly
111
What samples can you collect to diagnose prostate cancer?
Urine sediment, FNA, prostatic wash, needle core biopsy
112
What is the definitive treatment for prostate cancer?
Radiation therapy
113
What is the most common tumor in canine females?
Mammary tumors
114
What are the risk factors for canine mammary tumors?
Age, obesity, spay status
115
What % risk does a dog have of getting mammary cancer if she is spayed prior to 1st estrus? 2nd? 3rd?
0.05%, 8%, 26%
116
Which mammary glands are more commonly affected?
Glands 4 and 5
117
What is the chance that the mammary tumor is malignant? That those will metastasize?
50%, 50%
118
What are some diagnostic tests to run for mammary tumors?
Cytology, thoracic/abdominal imaging
119
What are the stages for mammary gland tumors?
```
Stage 1 - < 3 cm
Stage 2 - 3-5 cm
Stage 3 - >5 cm
Stage 4 - large, local lymph nodes involved
Stage 5 - distant metastasis
```
120
What is the definitive treatment for mammary gland tumors?
Surgery
121
What are the surgical procedures used for mammary gland tumors?
Lumpectomy (<0.5cm)
Mammectomy (>1 cm or fixed)
Regional mastectomy (multiple large tumors)
122
T/F: always measure the size of the tumors
True
123
What would lead to a better prognosis for mammary gland tumors?
Well-differentiated, complex carcinomas
124
What would lead to a worse prognosis for mammary gland tumors?
poorly differentiated, simple, solid, inflammatory
125
T/F: The number of tumors is a prognostic factor for mammary gland tumors
False
126
What % of feline mammary tumors are malignant?
85%
127
How do you treat feline mammary gland tumor?
Surgery. Remove the entire chain
128
How do you treat fibroepithelial hyperplasia?
Flank incision
