CANCER PATHOPHYS Flashcards
(47 cards)
Define Carcinoma
malignant tumor of epithelial tissue
Define Osteoma
benign tumor of bone tissue
Define Sarcoma
malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin
Define Papillomas
benign microscopic or macroscopic fingerlike projections growing on a surface
What are characteristics of a benign tumor?
1] cells that look like normal tissue cells,
2] normal function of the tissue (like secreting hormones), 3] capsule
4[ do not invade neighboring tissues
Problem
1] may L/T over secretion of hormones,
2] damage organs by compressing them
What type of issues could uterine fibroid cause
Severe pain, cramps, excessive uterine bleeding
Bleeding- bc contractions of the uterus during menstruation is to slowing it down.
cannot contract efficiently w/ fibroid
NO slowing down
How would a malignant tumor present?
1] do not look like normal adult cells, not perform the normal functions of the organ
2] divide rapidly and mutate faster change type,
3] not have clear boundaries and can send legs out- crablike
4] compress
5] metastasize
Is metastasis specific to cancer?
No, for example, endometriosis, with endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
What are nonspecific generalized effects of cancer
1] Weight loss, 2] Muscle wasting, 3] Weakness, 4] Anorexia, 5] Anemia, 6] bone breakdown
What is normal with overprodcution in cancer?
Benign tumors may cause o
MC decrease production of normal organ secretions
THYROID exception INC T3
What are local effects of tumor growth?
1] Bleeding,
2] Compression; blood vessels-Super Vena cava snydrom
Portal HTN-liver
3. lymph vessels-Edema, ascites, effusion
4. hollow organs-cause fistula formation, obstructions etc.
5. nerves- pain, paralysis
What do malignant neoplasms produce and secrete substances not normally associated with the tissue of origin or that cancer?
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
What does small cell carcinoma of the lung secrete
ACTH, ADH
What does Squamous cell bronchogenic carcinoma secrete
PTH
What does Hepatocellular carcinoma secrete
insulin like, EPO
What does Mesothelioma secrete
insulin like
What does Choriocarcionma secrete
TSH like
What does Breast carcinoma secrete
PTH
What does Renal cell carcinoma secrete
EPO, PTH, renin, ACTH, gonadotropin
What is acrochordon
Skin tag, cosmetic neoplasm
Describe metastasis
Tumor cells break off of the primary tumor,
infiltrate into the vasculature,
carried in the blood stream to leave the vessel at a distant site, this can make where tumors metastasize predictable
hemodynamic-mestasis via blood vessels
where liver cancer would typically metasisize to
enter the bloodstream to IVC
enter pulmonary artery and metastasize to the lung,
then come back to heart
move systemically elsewhere
where colon cancer would typically metasisize to
enter the portal circulation to the liver.
where testicular cancer would typically metasisize to compared to scrotal cancer
venous return to paraspinous veins around the lower parts of the spinal cord.
Skin on the scrotum has superficial venous return. Testicles have visceral venous along the vertebral column.
can enter the CNS
much less likely to show up in the brain or spinal cord. can metastasize to the lungs once they get back to the heart.
