Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology Decks > Cancer Pharmacology > Flashcards

Cancer Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Antimetabolites: ___, ___ and ___

A

Antifolates, Purine, and Pyrimidine Analogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Microtubule inhibitors: ___ and ___

A

Vinca alkaloids and taxanes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Topoisomerase inhibitors: ___ and ___/___

A

“Tecans”, and Anthracyclins/Etoposide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Topoisomerase I Inhibitor: ___

A

Tecans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Topoisomerase II Inhibitor: ___, ___

A

Anthracyclins, Etoposide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cyclophosphamide is a ___.

A

DNA alkylating agent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cyclophosphamide is used for

A

Breast cancer and lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Resistance to cyclophosphamide arises through

A

detoxification by thiols, increased DNA damage repair, and increased drug metabolism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cyclophosphamide toxicities of note

A

Intertility/mutagenesis

Hemorrhagic cystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you prevent hemorrhagic cystitis with alkylator treatment?

A

Thiols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cisplatin and Oxaliplatin are

A

DNA Damaging Agents (Platinum compounds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cisplatin is used for

A

Lung and testicular cancer, among others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Oxaliplatin is used for

A

Colorectal cancers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

___ can be used as radiosensitizers.

A

Platinum compounds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Platinum compound toxicities for:

  • cisplatin
  • oxaliplatin
A
  • cisplatin: neuro and renal

- oxaliplatin: neuro (low renal tox)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Methotrexate is an

A

Anti-metabolite (folic acid analog).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ara-C, 5’FU, and Gemcitabine are

A

Pyrimidne analogs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Methotrexate is used for for

A

Leukemia, lymphoma, and immunosuppression.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Methotrexate toxicities of note

A

liver toxicity (hepatitis may develop)
pulmonary toxicity
toxic in utero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Effects of methotrexate can be reversed with

A

Leukovorin/tetrahydrofolate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Resistance arises to methotrexate through

A

1) Mutation/amplification of DHFR
2) Altered drug transport
3) Decreased polyglutamates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) is an

A

Antimetabolite (pyrimidine analog).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Resistance to Ara-C arises by

A

1) Delete activating enzyme

2) over-express metabolic enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ara-C is used for

A

Leukemia and lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Gemcitabine is a

A

antimetabolite (pyrimidine analog).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Resistance togemcitabine arises through

A

Deletion of the activating enzyme.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Notable toxicities of gemcitiabine

A

Flu-like syndrome

Edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Gemcitabine is used for

A

Pancreatic cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

5’FU is an

A

Anti-metabolite(blocks thymidylate synthase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Resistance to 5’FU arises through

A

mutations of thymidylate synthase

loss of reduced folates (laukovorin improves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Notable toxicities of 5’FU

A

Hand-foot syndrome

Diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

5’FU is used for

A

GI malignancies (also esophageal cancer with radiosensitizer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Vincristine is

A

microtubule inhibitors (block polymerization, vinca alkaloid).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Docetaxel is

A

microtubule inhibitors (stabilizers, taxanes).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Resistance to MT inhibitors arises though

A

MDR overexpression

tubulin mutations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Notable toxicities of vincristine:

A

Neurotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Vincristine is used for

A

leukemia, lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Notable toxicities of docetaxel

A 
Neurotoxicity
Hypersensitivity reactions (to the drug vehicle)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Docetaxel is used for

A

Lung, OvCa, Br, Pr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Irinotecan is a

A

Topo I inhibitor (“Tecans”, causes SSB)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Doxorubicin is a

A

Topo II inhibitor (Anthracyclin, causes DSBs, also causes other dna damage and free radicals)

42
Q

Resistance to doxorubicin arises through

A

MDR expression

43
Q

Notable toxicities of doxorubicin

A

Cardiac toxicity

Skin toxicity if not given by IV

44
Q

Cardiac toxicity of doxorubicin can be prevented by treating with

A

dexrazoxane

45
Q

Doxorubicin is used for

A

Lymphomas, leukemias, breast cancer.

46
Q

Etoposide is a

A

TopoII inhibitor.

47
Q

Resistance to etoposide arises through

A

MDR expression and Topo II mutation

48
Q

Notable toxicities of etoposide

A

secondary leukemias

49
Q

Etoposide is used for

A

testicular cancer.

50
Q

Small molecule kinase inhibitors that block growth signaling pathways.

A

“ibs”

51
Q

Antibodies that block/bind growth factor receptors/ligands or other cell surface molecules.

A

“abs”

52
Q

EGFR blocker

A

Erlotinib

Lapatinib (blocks Her2 also)

53
Q

Erlotinib is used for

A

Lung cancer with EGFR mutation and metastatic NSCL with EGFR mutation. Usually adenocarcinomas in nonsmoking east asian women.

54
Q

Resistance to erlotinib arises from

A

mutation preventing drug from binding target

55
Q

Notable side effects of erlotinib

A

Rash (acne-like), lung toxicity

56
Q

ALK inhibitor

A

Crisotinib

57
Q

Crisotinib toxicities

A

mild visual changes

58
Q

Crisotinib is used to treat

A

Lung carcinoma with chromosomal rearrangement of ALK.

59
Q

Blocks C-Abl, BCR-Abl, c-Kit, PDGFR

A

Imatinib (Desatinib/Nilotinib are 2nd gen)

60
Q

Imatinib is used to treat

A

CML, CMML, and GIST.
In GIST, Imatinib (adjuvant) postpones recurrence, increases survival, or (metastatic), high RR but resistance develops. Use desatinib.

61
Q

Notable toxicities of imatinib

A

Fluid retention (2nd gen have cardiac tox.)

62
Q

Cancer associated with c-Kit mutation:

A

GIST

63
Q

Cancer associated with ALK mutation:

A

Lung carcinoma

64
Q

Cancer associated with EGFR mutation:

A

Lung cancer, some breast cancers

65
Q

VEGFR, PDGFR, c-Kit blocker

A

Sunitinib (Sorafenib also blocks Raf kinase) Both are “oral broad kinase inhibitors”

66
Q

Sunitinib is used to treat

A

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma Sorafenib for HCC

67
Q

Notable toxicities of sunitinib

A

Hypertension, TED, skin rash.

68
Q

B-Raf inhibitor

A

Vemurafenib.

69
Q

Cancer associated with B-Raf mutation:

A

melanoma with B-Raf mutation, combine with MEK inhibitor

70
Q

Notable toxicities associated with Vemurafenib

A

Skin squamous cell carcinoma

71
Q

Anti-CD20

A

Retiximab

72
Q

Anti-Her2

A

Trastuzumab

73
Q

Anti-EGFR

A

Cetuximab

74
Q

Anti-VEGF

A

Bevacizumab

75
Q

Resistance to Cetiximab and Trastuzumab

A

B-raf or Ras mutation

76
Q

Low anti-tumor activity when used alone

A

Bevacizumab

Cetuximab

77
Q

Retuximab is used to treat

A

B-NHL and B-CLL

78
Q

Trastuzumab is used to treat

A

Breast cancer and some GI cancers

79
Q

Cetuxumab is used to treat

A

Colon cancer (also head and neck)

80
Q

Bevacizumab is used to treat

A

Colon, lung, and renal.

81
Q

Notable toxicities of retuximab

A

Hep B reactivation, JV infecton

82
Q

Notable toxicities of trastuzumab

A

Cardiac toxicity

83
Q

Notable toxicities of cetuximab

A

Rash, lung toxicity, (also mg wasting)

84
Q

Notable toxicities of bevacizumab

A 
HTN
CHF
TED
Hemorhage
GI Perforation
85
Q

Cancer associated with EGFR:

A

Colon, head and neck, also lung, pancreas

86
Q

Notable toxicities of tamoxifen (3):

A

1) Increased risk of uterinecancer
2) Thromboembolic events
3) Hot flashes/uterine bleeding

87
Q

Tamoxifen is used to treat

A

ER + breast cancer, including metastatic.

* also chemophophylaxis in high-risk women

88
Q

Tamoxifen is a selective ___ of ER receptors in breast tissue, and selective ___ of ER receptors in uterine tissue and bone.

A

antagonist (breast)

agonist (uterus and bone)

89
Q

Aromatase inhibitors ___ estrogen synthesis.

A

block

90
Q

Notable toxicities of aromatase inhibitors (3):

A

1) osteoporosis and MSK pain
2) thromboembolic events
3) hot flashes and uterine bleeding

91
Q

Aromatase inhibitors are used to treat

A

ER + breast cancer (first-line)

92
Q

Anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane are

A

Aromatase inhibitors.

93
Q

Leuprolide and Goserelin are

A

GnRH agonists. They cause an initial surge in LH/FSH, but then inhibit gonadotropin release leading to suppression of estrogen (and testosterone) produced by ovaries.

94
Q

Notable toxicities of GnRH agonist

A

1) disease flare (prevent with AR/ERblocker)
2) osteoporosis
3) loss of libido in male
Others: hot flash, fatigue, anemia

95
Q

GnRH agonists are used to treat

A

ER+ breast cancer (pre-menopausal with aromatase inhibitor) and prostate cancer (adjuvant, met).

96
Q

Flutamide, bicalutamide, and enzalutamide are

A

AR blockers (competitive)

97
Q

Notable toxicities of AR blockers

A

1) loss of libido
2) hot flashes
3) gynecomastia

98
Q

AR blockers are used to treat

A

Met prostate cancer, wit GnRH agonist.

99
Q

Lung cancer typical tx:

A

EGFR-TKI and Alk-inhibitor

100
Q

Her2+ Breast cancer typical tx:

A

Trastusumab

101
Q

NHL typical tx:

A

Retuximab

102
Q

Breast/prostate cancer typical tx:

A

Estrogen/androgen blockade

Pharmacology Decks (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions